Today we will look at the form श्रान्तः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.18.24.

एकदा धनुरुद्यम्य विचरन्मृगयां वने । मृगाननुगतः श्रान्तः क्षुधितस्तृषितो भृशम् ।। १-१८-२४ ।।
जलाशयमचक्षाणः प्रविवेश तमाश्रमम् । ददर्श मुनिमासीनं शान्तं मीलितलोचनम् ।। १-१८-२५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
संप्रति कथामुपक्षिपति – एकदेति ।। २४ ।। अचक्षाणोऽपश्यन् तं प्रसिद्धमाश्रमम् । तस्मिंश्च मुनिं शमीकम् ।। २५ ।।

Gita Press translation – Taking up his bow, king Parīkṣit was hunting in the forest on a certain day. Running after the game, he got fatigued and felt extremely hungry and thirsty (24). Finding no reservoir of water (near at hand), he entered the well-known hermitage (of the sage Śamika) and saw there a hermit who sat still with his eyes closed (25).

The प्रातिपदिकम् “श्रान्त” is derived from the verbal root √श्रम् (श्रमुँ तपसि खेदे च ४. १०१). The ending उकार: of ‘श्रमुँ’ is a इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Hence ‘श्रमुँ’ is a उदित्।

(1) श्रम् + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्तरि (to denote the agent) here as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च – When following one of the verbal roots listed below, the affix “क्त” may be used in the active voice (कर्तरि) as well as in the passive voice (भावकर्मणो:) –
(i) any verbal root used in the sense of motion (गत्यर्थ:)
(ii) any verbal root used intransitively (अकर्मक:)
(iii) the verbal roots √श्लिष् (श्लिषँ आलिङ्गने ४. ८३), √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६), √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७), √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०), √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४), √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) and √जॄ (जॄष् वयोहानौ ४. २५)।
Note: The verbal roots listed in (iii) are intransitive. But when used with a उपसर्ग: they may become transitive. In that case they would not be covered by (ii). This is the reason for listing them separately in (iii).

(2) श्रम् + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The affix ‘त’ is prevented from taking the augment ‘इट्’ (which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः) by 7-2-15 यस्य विभाषा – If a verbal root optionally allows an augment इट् in some case, then following that verbal root a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26) is prohibited from taking the augment इट्। Note: 7-2-15 is applicable here because as per 7-2-56 उदितो वा – When following a verbal root which is उदित् (has उकार: as a इत्), the affix ‘क्त्वा’ optionally takes the augment इट्।

(3) श्राम् + त । By 6-4-15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति – The penultimate vowel of a अङ्गम् which ends in a nasal consonant is elongated when followed by either i) the affix “क्वि” or ii) an affix which begins with a झल् letter and is either कित् or ङित् – has a ककारः or ङकारः as a इत्।

(4) श्रां + त । By 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः।

(5) श्रान्त । By 8-4-58 अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः।

“श्रान्त” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(6) श्रान्त + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) श्रान्त + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) श्रान्तः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. In Chapter Eighteen of the गीता can you spot a word in which the affix ‘क्त’ has been prevented from taking the augment इट् by 7-2-15 यस्य विभाषा with the help of 7-2-56 उदितो वा (as in the example)?

2. In which other word (besides श्रान्तः) in the verses has 7-2-15 यस्य विभाषा been used with the help of 7-2-56 उदितो वा?

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-4-15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति (used in step 3), the काशिका says – अनुनासिकस्येति किम्? ओदनपक्। Please explain.

4. Commenting further the सूत्रम् 6-4-15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति, the काशिका says – क्विझलोरिति किम्? गम्यते। Please explain.

5. Commenting further the सूत्रम् 6-4-15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति, the काशिका says – क्ङितीति किम्? गन्ता। Please explain.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I’m extremely thirsty. Give me some water.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with ‘me.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘श’ in the commentary?

2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There are seven words in this sentence.”