Today we will look at the form ज्ञातः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.9.36.

ऋषिमाद्यं न बध्नाति पापीयांस्त्वां रजोगुणः । यन्मनो मयि निर्बद्धं प्रजाः संसृजतोऽपि ते ।। ३-९-३५ ।।
ज्ञातोऽहं भवता त्वद्य दुर्विज्ञेयोऽपि देहिनाम् । यन्मां त्वं मन्यसेऽयुक्तं भूतेन्द्रियगुणात्मभिः ।। ३-९-३६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
अनुग्रहमेवाह – ऋषिमिति चतुर्भिः । यत् यतस्ते मनो मयि निर्बद्धम् ।। ३५ ।। यद्यस्माद्भूतैरिन्द्रियैर्गुणैः सत्त्वादिभिरात्मनाऽहंकारेण चायुक्तं मन्यसे ।। ३६ ।।

Gita Press translation – The wicked Rajoguṇa (the principle of activity) will not bind you, the first seer, since your mind will remain attached to Me even while you are occupied with the work of evolving the creation (35). Today you have come to know Me, even though living beings find it difficult to know Me; for you regard Me as free from the five elements, the Indriyas, the Guṇas and the inner sense (36).

Note: The translation has been done in the active voice – “Today you have come to know Me.” The literal translation would be “Today I have come to be known by you.”

“ज्ञात” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने ९. ४३).

(1) ज्ञा + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा – The affix “निष्ठा” (ref.1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा) may be used following a verbal root when denoting an action in the past tense. Note: The affix ‘क्त’ has been used कर्मणि (to denote the object) here as per 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः – The affixes having the designation “कृत्य”, the affix “क्त” and the affixes that have the sense of “खल्” (ref: 3-3-126) are only used to denote the action (भावः) or the object (कर्म)।

(2) ज्ञा + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात्‌ prevents the affix ‘त’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।

“ज्ञात” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(3) ज्ञात + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(4) ज्ञात + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) ज्ञातः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. In the last verse of which Chapter of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ज्ञात’ been used?

2. Can you recall three सूत्राणि (which we have studied) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the verbal root √ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने ९. ४३)?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-99 उपसर्गे च संज्ञायाम् been used in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the नकार-लोप: in the form ‘बद्ध’?

5. Which कृत्य-प्रत्यय: is used to form the प्रतिपदिकम् ‘ज्ञेय’?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“No one knew this secret.” Paraphrase to “This secret was not known by anyone.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रहस्य’ (in the neuter) for ‘secret.’

Easy Questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘श्यन्’ in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य been used in the verses?