Today we will look at the form अब्जम् nAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.23.22.

यमुनोपवनेऽशोकनवपल्लवमण्डिते । विचरन्तं वृतं गोपैः साग्रजं ददृशुः स्त्रियः ।। १०-२३-२१ ।।
श्यामं हिरण्यपरिधिं वनमाल्यबर्हधातुप्रवालनटवेषमनुव्रतांसे । विन्यस्तहस्तमितरेण धुनानमब्जं कर्णोत्पलालककपोलमुखाब्जहासम् ।। १०-२३-२२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
तथागताः सत्यो ददृशुः ।। २१ ।। हिरण्यवत्परिधिः परिधानं यस्य तं पीताम्बरमित्यर्थः । वनमाल्यैर्बर्हैर्धातुभिः प्रवालैश्च नटवद्वेषो यस्य तम् । अनुव्रतस्य सख्युरंसे विन्यस्तो निहितो हस्तो येन तम् । इतरेण हस्तेन लीलयाऽब्जं धुनानं भ्रामयन्तम् । कर्णयोरुत्पले यस्य, अलकाः कपोलयोर्यस्य मुखाब्जे हासो यस्य तं च तं च तं च ।। २२ ।।

Gita Press translation – The ladies (presently) beheld Śrī Kṛṣṇa sauntering in a grove on the bank of the Yamunā – beautified by fresh leaves of Aśoka trees – surrounded by (other) cowherd boys and accompanied by His elder brother (21). Dark-brown of hue He had about his loins a golden piece of silk; adorned with a garland of sylvan flowers, peacock feathers and tender leaves and painted with minerals, He presented the appearance of an actor (on the stage); He rested one hand on the shoulder of a devoted companion and was swinging a lotus with the other; He wore a pair of water-lilies on His ears and a smile on His lotus-face, His curly locks hanging on His cheeks (22).

अप्सु जातमिति अब्जम् ।

“ज” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “अब्ज” is derived as follows:

(1) अप् + सुप् + जन् + ड । By the 3-2-97 सप्तम्यां जनेर्डः – When in composition with a पदम् which ends in the seventh (locative) case, the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) may take the the affix “ड” provided the verbal root is used to denote an action in the past tense.
Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-97, the term सप्तम्याम् ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “अप् + सुप्” gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌।

(2) अप् + सुप् + जन् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) अप् + सुप् + ज् + अ । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has डकारः as an indicatory letter. Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having डकार: as a इत् in “ड”। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।

= अप् + सुप् + ज ।

Now we form a compound between “अप् + सुप्” (which is the उपपदम्) and “ज” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “अप् + सुप्”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “ज”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.

In the compound, “अप् + सुप्” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “अप् + सुप्” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“अप् + सुप् + ज” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) अप् + ज । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्। ‘अप्’ now has the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते to apply in the next step.

(5) अब्ज । By 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते – When a झल् letter occurs at the end of a पदम् it is replaced by a जश् letter.

The विवक्षा is नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(6) अब्ज + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) अब्ज + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes “सुँ” and “अम्” that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel “अ” take “अम्” as their replacement. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of “अम्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा । Note: 7-1-24 अतोऽम् is required here to prevent 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ from applying.

(8) अब्जम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix “अम्” there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. In which verse has the affix ‘ड’ been used with the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) for the last time in the गीता?

2. In which other प्रातिपदिकम् (used as part of a compound) in the verses has the सूत्रम् 3-2-97 सप्तम्यां जनेर्डः been used?

3. Can you spot an affix ‘क’ in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the ‘उस्’ substitution in the word ददृशुः?

5. Can you recall a गण-सूत्रम् (which we have studied) which specifically mentions the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My elder brother has three sons.” Use a उपपद-समास: for ‘elder brother’ (अग्रे जात:) as well as for ‘son’ (आत्मनो जात:)।

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the ‘इयँङ्’ substitution in the word स्त्रियः?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-112 ख्यत्यात्‌ परस्य been used in the commentary?