Today we will look at the form मित्रावरुणयोः mGd from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.1.13.
अप्रजस्य मनोः पूर्वं वसिष्ठो भगवान्किल । मित्रावरुणयोरिष्टिं प्रजार्थमकरोत् प्रभुः ।। ९-१-१३ ।।
तत्र श्रद्धा मनोः पत्नी होतारं समयाचत । दुहित्रर्थमुपागम्य प्रणिपत्य पयोव्रता ।। ९-१-१४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
सूर्यपौत्रस्य सुद्युम्नस्य स्त्रीत्वे सति बुधात्पुरूरवःप्रभृतिसोमवंशसंचारं वक्तुं सप्रस्तावमिलोपाख्यानमाह – अप्रजस्य मनोः पूर्वमित्यादिना यावदध्यायसमाप्ति । पूर्वमिक्ष्वाकुप्रभृतीनामुत्पत्तेः प्राक् ।। १३ ।। दुहित्रर्थं मम कन्या यथा भवेत्तथा यजेति होतारं सम्यगयाचत । पय एव व्रतमाहारो नियतो यस्याः ।। १४ ।।
Gita Press translation – In the beginning (before Ikṣwāku and others were born) the glorious and powerful sage Vasiṣṭha (the preceptor of the solar race), it is said, conducted a sacrifice in propitiation of the gods Mitra and Varuṇa for the sake of a son to the Manu, who was (yet) issue-less (13). During that sacrificial performance the Manu’s wife, Śraddhā, who was subsisting on milk alone, approached the priest invoking the gods and reciting the Ṛgveda and, falling prostrate before him, humbly requested him to conduct the sacrifice in such a way as to ensure the birth of a daughter (14).
(1) मित्रश्च वरुणश्च = मित्रावरुणौ – (the deities) Mitra and Varuṇa
(2) मित्र सुँ + वरुण सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।
(3) मित्र सुँ + वरुण सुँ । Note: ‘मित्र’ has two syllables while ‘वरुण’ has three. Hence ‘मित्र सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in this द्वन्द्व: compound as per 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम् – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term having the least number of syllables (vowels) is placed in the prior position.,
Note: ‘ मित्र सुँ + वरुण सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) मित्र + वरुण । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) मित्र् आनँङ् + वरुण । By 6-3-26 देवताद्वन्द्वे च – When the final term of the compound follows, there is a substitution of ‘आनँङ्’ (in place of the penultimate term) in a द्वन्द्व: compound whose terms denote names of deities. As per 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending letter ‘अ’ of ‘मित्र’ is substituted with ‘आनँङ्’।
(6) मित्रान् + वरुण । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: Here ‘मित्रान्’ has the designation पदम् by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य to apply in the next step.
(7) मित्रावरुण । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मित्रावरुण’ is masculine since the final member ‘वरुण’ of the compound is masculine. This द्वन्द्वः compound (which expresses इतरेतरयोगः) is dual in number because it has two members.
The विवक्षा is षष्ठी ।
(8) मित्रावरुण + ओस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘ओस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(9) मित्रावरुणे + ओस् । By 7-3-104 ओसि च, the ending letter ‘अ’ of a प्रातिपदिकम् changes to letter ‘ए’ when followed by the affix ‘ओस्’ ।
(10) मित्रावरुणयोस् । अयादेशः by 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
(11) मित्रावरुणयोः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।
Questions:
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-3-26 देवताद्वन्द्वे च (used in step 5) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – पुनर्द्वन्द्वग्रहणं प्रसिद्धसाहचर्यस्य परिग्रहार्थम्। तेन ब्रह्मप्रजापती इत्यादौ नानङ्। एतद्धि नैकहविर्भागित्वेन श्रुतं नापि लोके प्रसिद्धं साहचर्यम्। Please explain.
2. The form अप्रजस्य used in the verses is a आर्ष-प्रयोग: (irregular grammatical usage.) What is the grammatically correct form?
3. What type of compound is पयोव्रता as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
4. What is the alternate form for उपागम्य?
5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a seventh case affix in स्त्रीत्वे and सति in the commentary?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I have never seen a sacrifice (in propitiation) of (the gods) Mitra and Varuṇa.” Paraphrase to passive – “A sacrifice (in propitiation) of (the gods) Mitra and Varuṇa has never been seen by me.”
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-11 अप्तृन्तृच्स्वसृनप्तृनेष्टृत्वष्टृक्षत्तृहोतृपोतृप्रशास्तॄणाम् been used in the verses?
2. In which word in the commentary has the affix ‘हि’ taken the लुक् elision?
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-3-26 देवताद्वन्द्वे च (used in step 5) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – पुनर्द्वन्द्वग्रहणं प्रसिद्धसाहचर्यस्य परिग्रहार्थम्। तेन ब्रह्मप्रजापती इत्यादौ नानङ्। एतद्धि नैकहविर्भागित्वेन श्रुतं नापि लोके प्रसिद्धं साहचर्यम्। Please explain.
Answer: पुनर्द्वन्द्वग्रहणं प्रसिद्धसाहचर्यस्य परिग्रहार्थम् – The term ‘द्वन्द्व’ is mentioned in this सूत्रम् in spite of being available as अनुवृत्ति: from the prior सूत्रम् in order to convey the fact that the substitution ‘आनँङ्’ takes place only if the terms of a द्वन्द्व: compound denote names of deities whose association is well-known.
तेन ब्रह्मप्रजापती इत्यादौ नानङ्। एतद्धि नैकहविर्भागित्वेन श्रुतं नापि लोके प्रसिद्धं साहचर्यम्। Hence for example there is no substitution ‘आनँङ्’ in compounds such as ब्रह्मा च प्रजापतिश्च = ब्रह्मप्रजापती because the association of the deities ब्रह्मा and प्रजापति: is not well-known either in the Vedic sense (as being the recipients of a common sacrificial offering) or in the worldly (classical) sense.
2. The form अप्रजस्य used in the verses is a आर्ष-प्रयोग: (irregular grammatical usage.) What is the grammatically correct form?
Answer: The grammatically correct form is अप्रजसः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’अप्रजस्’, पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवनम्)।
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमाना प्रजा यस्य स: = अप्रजा: – He who has no offspring.
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमाना सुँ + प्रजा सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
The adjective ’अविद्यमाना सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘अविद्यमाना सुँ + प्रजा सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
अविद्यमाना + प्रजा । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= अ + प्रजा । By वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः।
Note: Compounding is already prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 itself. It is only for the elision of the उत्तरपदम् (of the compound पूर्वपदम्) that this वार्तिकम् is necessary.
= अप्रजा + असिँच् । By 5-4-122 नित्यमसिच् प्रजामेधयोः – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound whose latter member is either ‘प्रजा’ or ‘मेधा’ and whose prior member is either (the negation particle) ‘नञ्’ or ‘दुस्’ or ‘सु’ the तद्धित: affix असिँच् is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
= अप्रजा + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘अप्रजा’ has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here as per the सूत्रम् 1-4-18 यचि भम्। This allows the सूत्रम् 6-4-148 to apply in the next step.
= अप्रज् + अस् । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च ।
= अप्रजस् ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, मनुः is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’अप्रजस्’। It declines like ‘वेधस्’-शब्द:। षष्ठी-एकवनम् is अप्रजसः।
3. What type of compound is पयोव्रता as used in the verses?
i. द्वन्द्व:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
Answer: The compound पयोव्रता (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’पयोव्रता’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is a बहुव्रीहिः।
As indicated in the commentary, the लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
पय: (एव) व्रतं यस्याः सा = पयोव्रता – she (Śraddhā) whose vow (diet) was milk (alone)
The अलौकिक-विग्रहः is as follows –
पयस् सुँ + व्रत सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
The adjective ‘पयस् सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘पयस् सुँ + व्रत सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= पयस् + व्रत । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
Note: Now ‘पयस्’ has the designation पदम् by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-66 to apply in the next step.
= पयरुँ + व्रत । By 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः।
= पय उ + व्रत । By 6-1-114 हशि च।
= पयोव्रत । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, the masculine noun श्रद्धा is being qualified. Hence we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पयोव्रता’ by adding the feminine affix टाप्।
पयोव्रत + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= पयोव्रत + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= पयोव्रता । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
4. What is the alternate form for उपागम्य?
Answer: The alternate form for उपागम्य is उपागत्य – derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).
Note: Here the common agent of the actions उपागम्य (having approached) and समयाचत (humbly requested) is श्रद्धा।
Derivation of the form उपागत्य is similar to that of उपसङ्गत्य shown in the answer to question 2 in the following comment – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/06/21/उपसङ्गम्य-ind/#comment-18922
The only difference is that while in the comment referenced, the उपसर्गौ ‘उप’ and ‘सम्’ are used, in the current example the उपसर्गौ ‘उप’ and ‘आङ्’ are used.
5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a seventh case affix in स्त्रीत्वे and सति in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-37 यस्य च भावेन भावलक्षणम् justifies the use of a seventh case affix in the words स्त्रीत्वे (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’स्त्रीत्व’, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) as well as the corresponding participle सति (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सत्’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-3-37 यस्य च भावेन भावलक्षणम् – A seventh case affix (‘ङि’, ‘ओस्’, ‘सुप्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) which denotes the one (agent/object) whose action (the timing of which is known) gives an indication of (the timing of) another action.
Note: In the present example, the action of ‘being’ (expressed by सति) performed by the agent ’स्त्रीत्व’ (expressed by स्त्रीत्वे) gives an indication of the timing of another action which is ‘the progression of the Lunar race beginning with Purūravā’ – expressed by ’पुरूरवःप्रभृतिसोमवंशसंचार’। Hence as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-37 यस्य च भावेन भावलक्षणम्, ’स्त्रीत्व’ – which denotes the agent of the indicating action of ‘being’ – take a seventh case affix.
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I have never seen a sacrifice (in propitiation) of (the gods) Mitra and Varuṇa.” Paraphrase to passive – “A sacrifice (in propitiation) of (the gods) Mitra and Varuṇa has never been seen by me.”
Answer: मित्रावरुणयोः इष्टिः मया न कदा अपि दृष्टा = मित्रावरुणयोरिष्टिर्मया न कदापि दृष्टा।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-11 अप्तृन्तृच्स्वसृनप्तृनेष्टृत्वष्टृक्षत्तृहोतृपोतृप्रशास्तॄणाम् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-11 अप्तृन्तृच्स्वसृनप्तृनेष्टृत्वष्टृक्षत्तृहोतृपोतृप्रशास्तॄणाम् has been used in the form होतारम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ’होतृ’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
होतृ + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of ‘अम्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
Note: The affix ‘अम्’ has the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा here by 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य। This allows 7-3-110 and 6-4-11 to apply in the next two steps.
= होतर् अम् । By 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः।
= होतारम् । By 6-4-11 अप्तृन्तृच्स्वसृनप्तृनेष्टृत्वष्टृक्षत्तृहोतृपोतृप्रशास्तॄणाम् – When a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix that is not a सम्बुद्धिः follows, the penultimate vowel of ‘अप्’, of words ending in affixes ‘तृन्’ and ‘तृच्’ and of the words ‘स्वसृ’, ‘नप्तृ’, ‘नेष्टृ’, ‘त्वष्टृ’, ‘क्षत्तृ’, ‘होतृ’, ‘पोतृ’ and ‘प्रशास्तृ’ is elongated.
2. In which word in the commentary has the affix ‘हि’ taken the लुक् elision?
Answer: The affix ‘हि’ has taken the लुक् elision in the word यज – derived from the verbal root √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७)
The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
यज् + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च।
= यज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= यज् + सिप् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
= यज् + सि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= यज् + हि । By 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च।
= यज् + शप् + हि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्।
= यज् + अ + हि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= यज । By 6-4-105 अतो हेः – There is an elision of the affix ‘हि’ when it follows an अङ्गम् ending in the letter ’अ’।