Today we will look at the form महायशाः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.1.21.
एतत्सङ्कल्पवैषम्यं होतुस्ते व्यभिचारतः । तथापि साधयिष्ये ते सुप्रजास्त्वं स्वतेजसा ।। ९-१-२० ।।
एवं व्यवसितो राजन्भगवान्स महायशाः । अस्तौषीदादिपुरुषमिलायाः पुंस्त्वकाम्यया ।। ९-१-२१ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
No commentary on these verses.
Note: Verse ९-१-२१ has been used previously in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/08/08/पुंस्त्वकाम्यया-fis/
Gita Press translation – “This frustration of your purpose has been brought about by the contrary intention of the Hotā. Yet by virtue of my own spiritual glory I shall confer on you the privilege of having a good (male) progeny.” (20) Thus resolved, O king, the glorious sage (Vasiṣṭha) of extraordinary fame, extolled Lord Viṣṇu (the most ancient Person) with the desire of transforming Ilā into a male child (21).
(1) महद्यशो यस्य स: = महायशा: – He who has great renown.
(2) महत् सुँ + यशस् सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
(3) By सूत्रम् 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘महत् सुँ’ as well as ‘यशस् सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.
The adjective ‘महत् सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.
Note: ‘महत् सुँ + यशस् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) महत् + यशस् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) मह आ + यशस् । By 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः – The ending letter (‘त्’) of ‘महत्’ is substituted by ‘आ’ when ‘महत्’ is followed by either –
i) a latter member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (refers to the same item as does ‘महत्’) or
ii) affix ‘जातीय’ (ref. 5-3-69 प्रकारवचने जातीयर्)।
Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending letter ‘त्’ of ‘महत्’ is substituted by ‘आ’।
(6) महायशस् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
See question 1.
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example महायशाः is qualifying सः (He – Vasiṣṭha). Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘महायशस्’। It declines like वेधस्-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(7) महायशस् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(8) महायशस् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(9) महायशास् + स् । By 6-4-14 अत्वसन्तस्य चाधातोः – When the ‘सुँ’ affix which is not सम्बुद्धिः follows, a base that ends in ‘अतुँ’ or a base that ends in ‘अस्’ which is not of a verbal root, has its penultimate letter elongated.
(10) महायशास् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् – A single letter affix ‘सुँ’, ‘ति’ or ‘सि’ is dropped following a base ending in a consonant or in the long feminine affix ‘ङी’ or ‘आप्’।
Note: Now ‘महायशास्’ gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-66 to apply in the next step.
(11) महायशाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. What is the optional form for महायशाः (in the case where the समासान्त: affix ‘कप्’ is added by 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा)?
2. In which compound in the verses has the समासान्त: affix ‘असिँच्’ been used?
3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘काम्यच्’ in the form पुंस्त्वकाम्यया (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्या’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)?
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति been used in the verses?
5. Why is the form अस्तौषीत् a आर्ष-प्रयोग: (irregular grammatical usage)?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Among all the texts on the subject of grammar, the best is the text called (named) Aṣṭādhyāyī composed by the sage Pāṇini of great renown.” Paraphrase to – “Among all the texts which have grammar as their subject, the best is the text called (named) Aṣṭādhyāyī composed by the sage Pāṇini of great renown.” Construct बहुव्रीहि: compounds for ‘that (text) which has grammar as its subject’ = ‘व्याकरणं विषयो यस्य स: (ग्रन्थ:)’ and for ‘that (text) which has Aṣṭādhyāyī as its name’ = ‘अष्टाध्यायी नाम यस्य स: (ग्रन्थ:)’।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-111 ऋत उत् been used in the verses?
2. Can you spot the affix ‘णिच्’ in the verses?
1. What is the optional form for महायशाः (in the case where the समासान्त: affix ‘कप्’ is added by 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा)?
Answer: The optional form for महायशाः is महायशस्कः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’महायशस्क’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
The affix ‘कप्’ is applied optionally by the सूत्रम् 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा after step 6 in the post above to give the optional form. The derivation would be as follows –
महायशस् + कप् । By 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound for which no other समासान्त: operation has been prescribed and which is composed using a rule in the अधिकार: of शेष: (which runs from 2-2-23 शेषो बहुव्रीहिः to 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) the तद्धित: affix कप् is optionally prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
= महायशस् + क । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: ‘महायशस्’ had the designation पदम् here as per 1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनामस्थाने। This allows 8-2-66 to apply in the next step.
= महायश: + क । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
= महायशस्क । By 8-3-38 सोऽपदादौ।
2. In which compound in the verses has the समासान्त: affix ‘असिँच्’ been used?
Answer: The affix ‘असिँच्’ has been used in the compound सुप्रजाः (प्रातिपदिकम् ’सुप्रजस्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
Please see the following post for the derivation of the compound सुप्रजाः – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/12/24/सुप्रजाः-mns
3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘काम्यच्’ in the form पुंस्त्वकाम्यया (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्या’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-9 काम्यच्च prescribes the affix ‘काम्यच्’ in the form पुंस्त्वकाम्यया।
इलायाः पुंस्त्वस्यैषणम् = पुंस्त्वकाम्या। तया पुंस्त्वकाम्यया।
Note: In the present example, the use of the affix ‘काम्यच्’ is grammatically irregular because the person (the sage Vasiṣṭha) is wishing something (masculinity) not for himself, but for someone else (Ilā.) And hence the conditions for applying the सूत्रम् 3-1-9 काम्यच्च are not fully satisfied.
First we derive the नाम-धातुः ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्य’ as follows:
पुंस्त्व + अम् + काम्यच् । By 3-1-9 काम्यच्च – The affix काम्यच् is (also) employed, in the sense of wishing, after a पदम् which ends in a सुँप् affix and denotes the object of one’s own wish.
= पुंस्त्व + अम् + काम्य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: ‘पुंस्त्व + अम् + काम्य’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः। This allows us to apply 2-4-71 in the next step.
= पुंस्त्वकाम्य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
Now we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्या’ from the नाम-धातुः ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्य’।
पुंस्त्वकाम्य + अ । By 3-3-102 अ प्रत्ययात्। Note: The affix ‘अ’ has the आर्धधातक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 6-4-48 to apply in the next step.
= पुंस्त्वकाम्य् + अ । By 6-4-48 अतो लोपः।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्य । Note: Since the affix ‘अ’ has the कृत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्, ‘पुंस्त्वकाम्य’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्य + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्य + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्या । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The विवक्षा is तृतीया-एकवचनम्।
पुंस्त्वकाम्या + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्या + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्ये + आ । By 7-3-105 आङि चापः।
= पुंस्त्वकाम्यया । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति has been used in the form व्यवसितः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘व्यवसित’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √सो (षो अन्तकर्मणि ४. ४२) preceded by the उपसर्गौ ‘वि’ and ‘अव’।
Please see the answer to question 4 in the following comment for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘व्यवसित’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/03/27/परिभवः-mns/#comment-19226
5. Why is the form अस्तौषीत् a आर्ष-प्रयोग: (irregular grammatical usage)?
Answer: The form अस्तौषीत् is a आर्ष-प्रयोगः because the सूत्रम् 7-2-72 स्तुसुधूञ्भ्यः परस्मैपदेषु has been ignored. The grammatically correct form is अस्तावीत् – derived from the verbal root √स्तु (ष्टुञ् स्तुतौ २. ३८).
For the details of the derivation, please see the answer to question 2 in the following comment – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/08/08/पुंस्त्वकाम्यया-fis/#comment-4161
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Among all the texts on the subject of grammar, the best is the text called (named) Aṣṭādhyāyī composed by the sage Pāṇini of great renown.” Paraphrase to – “Among all the texts which have grammar as their subject, the best is the text called (named) Aṣṭādhyāyī composed by the sage Pāṇini of great renown.” Construct बहुव्रीहि: compounds for ‘that (text) which has grammar as its subject’ = ‘व्याकरणं विषयो यस्य स: (ग्रन्थ:)’ and for ‘that (text) which has Aṣṭādhyāyī as its name’ = ‘अष्टाध्यायी नाम यस्य स: (ग्रन्थ:)’।
Answer: सर्वेषु व्याकरणविषयेषु ग्रन्थेषु महायशसा/महायशस्केन मुनिना पाणिनिना रचित: अष्टाध्यायीनामा/अष्टाध्यायीनामक: (ग्रन्थ:) श्रेष्ठ: (अस्ति) = सर्वेषु व्याकरणविषयेषु ग्रन्थेषु महायशसा/महायशस्केन मुनिना पाणिनिना रचितोऽष्टाध्यायीनामा/रचितोऽष्टाध्यायीनामक: श्रेष्ठ:।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-111 ऋत उत् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-111 ऋत उत् has been used in the form होतुः (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘होतृ’, षष्ठी-एकवचनम्)।
होतृ + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= होत् ऋ + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ in ’ङस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
= होत् उर् + स् । By 6-1-111 ऋत उत् – The short letter ‘उ’ is the single substitute in the place of the short letter ‘ऋ’ and the following short letter ‘अ’ of the affix ‘ङसिँ’ or ‘ङस्’। As per 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if a letter of the अण्-प्रत्याहारः (’अ’, ’इ’, ’उ’) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a letter of the रँ-प्रत्याहारः (’र्’, ’ल्’)।
= होत् उर् । By 8-2-23 संयोगान्तस्य लोपः along with 8-2-24 रात् सस्य।
= होतुः । By 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
2. Can you spot the affix ‘णिच्’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ‘णिच्’ occurs in the form साधयिष्ये – derived from the causative form of the verbal root √साध् (साधँ संसिद्धौ ५. १९).
साध् + णिच् । By 3-1-26 हेतुमति च – The affix ‘णिच्’ is used after a root when the operation of a causer – such as the operation of directing – is to be expressed.
= साधि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
‘साधि’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
साधि + लृँट् । By 3-3-13 लृट् शेषे च।
= साधि + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= साधि + इट् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-74 णिचश्च।
= साधि + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= साधि + ए । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
= साधि + स्य + ए । By 3-1-33 स्यतासी लृलुटोः। Note: This rule is a अपवाद: for 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप् etc. The affix ‘स्य’ has the designation आर्धधातुकम् by the सूत्रम् 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 7-2-35 to apply in the next step.
= साधि + इट् स्य + ए । By 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
= साधि + इस्य + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= साधे + इस्य + ए । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।
= साधयिस्य + ए । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
= साधयिस्ये । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।
= साधयिष्ये । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययो:।