Today we will look at the form सार्जुनः  mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.12.36.

आहूतो भगवान्राज्ञा याजयित्वा द्विजैर्नृपम् । उवास कतिचिन्मासान्सुहृदां प्रियकाम्यया ।। १-१२-३५ ।।
ततो राज्ञाभ्यनुज्ञातः कृष्णया सह बन्धुभिः । ययौ द्वारवतीं ब्रह्मन्सार्जुनो यदुभिर्वृतः ।। १-१२-३६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
No commentary on these verses.

Gita Press translation – Having enabled the king to perform the sacrifices with the help of the twice-born (the Brāhmaṇas), Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, who had been invited for the occasion, stayed with him for some months for the gratification of his friends and relations (35). Then, with the leave of the king and his younger brothers, as well as of Kṛṣṇā (queen Draupadī), O Śaunaka, He proceeded to Dwārāvatī (Dwārakā) accompanied by Arjuna and surrounded by the Yadu chiefs (Uddhava, Sātyaki and others) (36).

(1) अर्जुनेन सह (ययौ श्रीकृष्णः) = सार्जुन: (ययौ श्रीकृष्णः) – With Arjuna (Śrī Kṛṣṇa proceeded).
Note: The third case affix used in अर्जुनेन is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।

(2) सह + अर्जुन टा । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे – The indeclinable सह when it denotes ‘equal connection (with an action)’ optionally compounds with a पदम् ending in a third case affix to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.

As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.

Note: ‘सह + अर्जुन टा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) सह + अर्जुन । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) सह + अर्जुन / स + अर्जुन । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य – When it is a part of a बहुव्रीहि: compound the indeclinable सह is optionally replaced by ‘स’। Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire term सह is replaced by ‘स’।

(5) सहार्जुन / सार्जुन । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः ।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example सार्जुनः is qualifying श्रीकृष्णः। Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सार्जुन’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।

(6) सार्जुन + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) सार्जुन + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) सार्जुन: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य (used in step 3) been used in the first five verses of Chapter Seven of the गीता?

2. From which सूत्रम् does the अनुवृत्ति: of सहस्य सः come in to the सूत्रम् 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य?

3. From which verbal root is the form आहूत: (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आहूत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) derived?

4. Can you spot the affix ‘अ’ in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Knowledge shines only when accompanied by humility.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘accompanied by humility’ (knowledge shines) = ‘विनयेन सह’ (ज्ञानं शोभते)।

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods along with the demons churned nectar from the ocean.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with the demons’ (the gods churned) = ‘दानवै: सह’ (देवा ममन्थु:)।

Easy questions:

1. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-1-17 लिट्यभ्यासस्योभयेषाम् been used?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘औ’ (in place of the affix णल्) in the form ययौ?