Today we will look at the form अतीत्य ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.15.27.
तद्विश्वगुर्वधिकृतं भुवनैकवन्द्यं दिव्यं विचित्रविबुधाग्र्यविमानशोचिः । आपुः परां मुदमपूर्वमुपेत्य योगमायाबलेन मुनयस्तदथो विकुण्ठम् ।। ३-१५-२६ ।।
तस्मिन्नतीत्य मुनयः षडसज्जमानाः कक्षाः समानवयसावथ सप्तमायाम् । देवावचक्षत गृहीतगदौ परार्ध्यकेयूरकुण्डलकिरीटविटङ्कवेषौ ।। ३-१५-२७ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तत्तदा तदपूर्वं विकुण्ठं अथो अनन्तरमुपेत्य मुनयः परामुत्कृष्टां मुदमापुः । अपूर्वत्वे हेतवः – विश्वगुरुणा हरिणाऽधिकृतमधिष्ठितम् । भुवनानामेकमेव वन्द्यम् । दिव्यमलौकिकम् । विचित्राणि विबुधाग्र्याणां विमानानि तेषां शोचिर्दीप्तिर्यस्मिन् । योगमायाबलेनेति अष्टाङ्गयोगप्रभावेणोपेत्य । परमेश्वरे तु योगमायेति चिच्छक्तिविलास इति द्रष्टव्यम् ।। २६ ।। तस्मिन्वैकुण्ठे षट् कक्षाः प्राकारद्वाराणि । असज्जमानाः भगवद्दर्शनोत्कण्ठया तत्तदद्भुतदर्शन आसक्तिमकुर्वाणाः । द्वारपालौ देवावपश्यन् । समानं वयो ययोः । गृहीते गदे याभ्याम् । परार्ध्यैः केयूरादिभिर्विटङ्कः सुन्दरो वेषो ययोः ।। २७ ।।
Gita Press translation – The sages (Sanaka and his three brothers) felt supremely delighted when they reached by dint of their Yogamāyā (wonderful power of Yoga) the divine and unique realm of Vaikuṇṭha, presided over by Lord Viṣṇu (the Father of the whole universe), which is the sole object of reverence for all the worlds, and shone resplendent with the wonderful aerial cars of the foremost gods (26). Having passed through six entrances to the Lord’s residence without feeling attached to anything, they saw at the seventh gate two shining beings of the same age, armed with a mace and adorned with most valuable armlets, ear-rings and diadems (27).
The verse (३-१५-२७) has appeared previously in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/06/28/अतीत्य-ind/
(1) अतीत्य – having gone beyond
अतीत्य is derived from the verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘अति’। ‘अति’ also gets the designation गति: here as per 1-4-60 गतिश्च।
(2) इ + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्त्वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same. In the present example the later action (having the same agent – ‘they’) is अचक्षत (‘saw.’)
(3) अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
अति + इ + क्त्वा । By 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः – The indeclinable ‘कु’, terms having the designation ‘गति’ (ref. 1-4-60 गतिश्च etc) as well as the terms ‘प्र’ etc. (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) invariably compound with a syntactically related term and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of नित्यम् (invariably) comes down from the prior सूत्रम् 2-2-17 नित्यं क्रीडाजीविकयोः।
Note: The designation ‘गति’ is prescribed in the section from 1-4-60 गतिश्च down to 1-4-79 जीविकोपनिषदावौपम्ये।
(4) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘अति’ (which has the designation गति: here) gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 (which prescribes the compounding) the term कुगतिप्रादयः ends in the nominative case.
Hence the term ‘अति’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘अति + इ + क्त्वा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
(5) अति + इ + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
(6) अति + इ + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.
(7) अती + य । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः। Note: Since the affix ‘य’ is no longer preceded by a short vowel, 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् would not apply here. But now 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः intervenes and says that when it comes to a possible addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’, the single substitute ‘ई’ (in place of ‘इ + इ’) is to be treated as if it has not occurred. Thus 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् still sees अति + इ + य and the addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’ does take place.
Note: The entire meaning of the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः is – When the substitution ‘ष्’ or the augment ‘तुँक्’ is to be performed, a single replacement (in place of the preceding and following letter) is treated as if it has not occurred.
(8) अती तुँक् + य । By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् – When followed by a कृत् affix which is a पित् (has the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), a short vowel takes the augment ‘तुँक्’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘तुँक्’ joins after the short vowel ‘इ’।
(9) अतीत्य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
‘अतीत्य’ gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। This allows 2-4-82 to apply below.
(10) अतीत्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(11) अतीत्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.
Questions:
1. In which Chapter of the गीता has the form अतीत्य been used?
2. Can you spot another (besides अतीत्य) गति-समास: in the verses?
3. Which two compounds occurring in the verses have been constructed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्?
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form योगमायाबलेन used in the verses?
5. What is the लौकिक-विग्रह: of the compound भुवनैकवन्द्यम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses? Hint: First form the कर्मधारय: compound ‘एकवन्द्य’ and use that to form the final षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: compound ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having crossed (gone beyond) the ocean Śrī Hanumān reached Lanka.” Use the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to reach.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has लिँट् been used in the verses?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अत्’ in the form अचक्षत?
1. In which Chapter of the गीता has the form अतीत्य been used?
Answer: The form अतीत्य has been used in Chapter 14 of the गीता in the following verse –
गुणानेतानतीत्य त्रीन्देही देहसमुद्भवान् ।
जन्ममृत्युजरादुःखैर्विमुक्तोऽमृतमश्नुते ।। 14-20 ।।
2. Can you spot another (besides अतीत्य) गति-समास: in the verses?
Answer: The compound उपेत्य also is a गति-समास:।
The derivation of the form उपेत्य is similar to the derivation of the form अतीत्य (shown in the post) – except that step (7) will be as follows –
उप + इ + य = उपे + य । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः। Note: Since the affix ‘य’ is no longer preceded by a short vowel, 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् would not apply here. But now 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः intervenes and says that when it comes to a possible addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’, the single substitute ‘ए’ (in place of ‘अ + इ’) is to be treated as if it has not occurred. Thus 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् still sees उप + इ + य and the addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’ does take place.
The remaining steps are as shown in the post.
3. Which two compounds occurring in the verses have been constructed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्?
Answer: The compounds अपूर्वम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपूर्व’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)) and असज्जमानाः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘असज्जमान’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) have been constructed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्।
न पूर्वम् = अपूर्वम् – unique (not prior)
न सज्जमानः = असज्जमानः – unattached
In the compound ‘अपूर्व’ as well as ‘असज्जमान’, the particle नञ् conveys the sense of विरोध: – opposite of that which is being negated.
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपूर्व’ and ‘असज्जमान’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अपर्याप्त’ shown in answer to question 1 in the following comment – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/08/10/अब्राह्मणः-mns/#comment-35496
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compounds ‘अपूर्व’ and ‘असज्जमान’ are adjectives since the latter members ‘पूर्व’ and ‘सज्जमान’ of the compounds are adjectives.
अपूर्वम् is qualifying विकुण्ठम् and is therefore used in the neuter. असज्जमानाः is qualifying मुनयः and is therefore used in the masculine.
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form योगमायाबलेन used in the verses?
Answer: The use of a third case affix in the form योगमायाबलेन (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘योगमायाबल’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used to denote कर्ता (the doer of the action) as well as करणम् (the instrument of the action) provided the doer/instrument has not been expressed otherwise.
Note: Here ‘योगमायाबल’ is the करणम् (instrument) of the action ‘to reach’ – expressed in the participle form उपेत्य (having reached.)
5. What is the लौकिक-विग्रह: of the compound भुवनैकवन्द्यम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses? Hint: First form the कर्मधारय: compound ‘एकवन्द्य’ and use that to form the final षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: compound ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’।
Answer: The लौकिक-विग्रह: of the compound ‘एकवन्द्य’ is as follows –
एकं च तद् वन्द्यम् = एकवन्द्यम् – sole object of reverence.
The derivation of the कर्मधारय: compound ‘एकवन्द्य’ is similar to the derivation of the कर्मधारय: compound ‘एकराज्’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/05/11/एकराट्-mns
The लौकिक-विग्रह: of the compound ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’ is as follows –
भुवनानामेकवन्द्यम् = भुवनैकवन्द्यम् – the sole object of reverence for (all) the worlds
The derivation is as follows –
भुवन आम् + एकवन्द्य सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी – A पदम् ending in a sixth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् ending in a सुँप् affix and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘भुवन आम्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-8 (which prescribes the compounding) the term षष्ठी ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘भुवन आम्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्।
Note: ‘भुवन आम् + एकवन्द्य सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= भुवन + एकवन्द्य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= भुवनैकवन्द्य । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भुवनैकवन्द्य’ is an adjective since the latter member ‘एकवन्द्य’ of the compound is an adjective. Here it is qualifying विकुण्ठम् and is therefore used in the neuter. The compound declines like वन-शब्द:।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having crossed (gone beyond) the ocean Śrī Hanumān reached Lanka.” Use the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to reach.’
Answer: वारिधिम् अतीत्य श्रीहनुमान् लङ्काम् प्राप = वारिधिमतीत्य श्रीहनुमाल्ँलङ्कां प्राप।
Easy questions:
1. Where has लिँट् been used in the verses?
Answer: लिँट् has been used in the form आपुः – derived from the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६).
The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।
आप् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.
= आप् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= आप् + झि । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
= आप् + उस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः।
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘उस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
= आप् आप् + उस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य।
= आ आप् + उस् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
= अ आप् + उस् । 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः।
= आपुस् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
= आपुः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अत्’ in the form अचक्षत?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-5 आत्मनेपदेष्वनतः prescribes the substitution ‘अत्’ in the form अचक्षत – derived from the verbal root √चक्ष् (चक्षिङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि | अयं दर्शनेऽपि २. ७).
Please see answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of the form अचक्षत –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/16/अभूत्-3as-लुँङ्-2/#comment-3642