Today we will look at the form कृताकृतम् nNs from महाभारतम् 12.175.20.
तं पुत्रपशुसम्पन्नं व्यासक्तमनसं नरम् । सुप्तं व्याघ्रो मृगमिव मृत्युरादाय गच्छति ।। १२-१७५-१८ ।।
सञ्चिन्वानकमेवैनं कामानामवितृप्तकम् । व्याघ्रः पशुमिवादाय मृत्युरादाय गच्छति ।। १२-१७५-१९ ।।
इदं कृतमिदं कार्यमिदमन्यत्कृताकृतम् । एवमीहासुखासक्तं कृतान्तः कुरुते वशे ।। १२-१७५-२० ।।
Translation – Like a tiger takes away its prey, death takes away that man who endowed with sons and cattle has his mind engrossed (in worldly pursuits) (18). Like a tiger takes away a beast, death takes away this man who is ever a despicable hoarder not satiated with objects of desire (19). The terminator (death) brings under its control the one who is attached to the happiness that accrues from the gratification of desire and is (still) thinking, ‘This has been done; this is to be done; this has been partly done.’
(1) कृतं च तदकृतम् = कृताकृतम् – (Something which is) done and not-done.
Note: How can the same thing be at the same time done and not-done? एकदेशकरणात् कृतम्। एकदेशान्तरस्याकरणात्तदेवाकृतम् – When a part of something is done but another part of it is not-done then we say that the same thing is done and at the same time not-done.
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) कृत सुँ + अकृत सुँ । By 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ् – (नञ्मात्राधिकेन नञ्रहितं समस्यत इति सूत्रार्थः।) A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् composed by adding a सुँप् affix to a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the affix ‘क्त’ optionally compounds with a सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which refers to the same item and is identical to the prior पदम् – the only difference being that while the latter पदम् has the additional negation particle ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्) the prior पदम् does not – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-72 येन विधिस्तदन्तस्य, the term क्तेन (used in the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ्) is interpreted as क्तान्तेन।
(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘कृत सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनञ् ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘कृत सुँ’ (which does not contain the negation particle ‘नञ्’) is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘कृत सुँ + अकृत सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) कृत + अकृत । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) कृताकृत । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कृताकृत’ is neuter since the latter member ‘अकृत’ of the compound is used in the neuter here. The compound declines like वन-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
(6) कृताकृत + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) कृताकृत + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(8) कृताकृतम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
Questions:
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ्, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – नञ्मात्राधिकेन नञ्रहितं समस्यत इति सूत्रार्थः। तेनेह न – सिद्धं च तदभुक्तम्। Please explain.
2. Commenting further on the same सूत्रम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी quotes a वार्तिकम् which states – ‘नुडिडधिकेनापि’ इति वाच्यम्। The two examples given are अशितानशितम् and क्लिष्टाक्लिशितम्। Please explain.
3. Can you spot a सम्प्रसारणम् in the verses?
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईहा’ (seen in the compound ईहासुखासक्तम् in the verses)?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The construction of our new house is partly done.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निर्माण’ for ‘construction.’
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In the war with the demons, the army of monkeys was partly destroyed.” Form a कर्मधारय: compound for ‘partly destroyed’ = नष्टं च तदनष्टम्।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘छ्’ in the form गच्छति?
2. Can you spot the affix ‘उ’ in the verses?
1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ्, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – नञ्मात्राधिकेन नञ्रहितं समस्यत इति सूत्रार्थः। तेनेह न – सिद्धं च तदभुक्तम्। Please explain.
Answer: नञ्मात्राधिकेन नञ्रहितं समस्यत इति सूत्रार्थः – The सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ् applies when the only difference between the prior पदम् and the latter पदम् is that while the latter पदम् has the additional negation particle ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्) the prior पदम् does not. तेनेह न – hence this सूत्रम् does not apply in the following situation — सिद्धं च तदभुक्तम् – Something which is accomplished/performed but not enjoyed/eaten. Here the difference between the prior पदम् (‘सिद्ध’) and the latter पदम् (‘अभुक्त’) is not just the negation particle ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। They also differ in another aspect which is that they are derived from different verbal roots – ‘सिद्ध’ is derived from √सिध् (षिधुँ संराद्धौ ४. ८९) while ‘अभुक्त’ is derived from √भुज् (भुजँ पालनाभ्यवहारयोः ७. १७). Hence the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ् cannot be used to form a compound here between ‘सिद्ध’ and ‘अभुक्त’।
2. Commenting further on the same सूत्रम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी quotes a वार्तिकम् which states – ‘नुडिडधिकेनापि’ इति वाच्यम्। The two examples given are अशितानशितम् and क्लिष्टाक्लिशितम्। Please explain.
Answer: The वार्तिकम् ‘नुडिडधिकेनापि’ extends the application of the सूत्रम् 2-1-60 क्तेन नञ्विशिष्टेनानञ् by allowing compounding even when there is an addition of the augment नुँट् or इट् to the latter पदम् (which contains the negation particle ‘नञ्’)। Hence we may construct examples such as –
i) अशितं च तदनशितम् = अशितानशितम् – eaten and uneaten. Here the latter पदम् differs from the prior पदम् not only due to the addition of the negation particle ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्) but also the augment नुँट् (ref. 6-3-74 तस्मान्नुडचि)।
ii) क्लिष्टं च तदक्लिशितम् = क्लिष्टाक्लिशितम् – tedious and non-tedious. Here the latter पदम् differs from the prior पदम् not only due to the addition of the negation particle ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्) but also the (optional) augment इट् (ref. 7-2-50 क्लिशः क्त्वानिष्ठयोः)।
3. Can you spot a सम्प्रसारणम् in the verses?
Answer: सम्प्रसारणम् occurs in the form सुप्तम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुप्त’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √स्वप् (ञिष्वपँ शये २. ६३).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुप्त’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/11/29/कृत्तः-mns/#comment-9470
’सुप्त’ is used in the masculine gender here since it is an adjective to the masculine noun ‘मृग’। It declines like राम-शब्दः। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is सुप्तम्।
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईहा’ (seen in the compound ईहासुखासक्तम् in the verses)?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘अ’ is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईहा’ – derived from the verbal root √ईह् (ईहँ चेष्टायाम् १.७१९).
ईहनम् = ईहा।
The derivation is as follows –
ईह् + अ । By 3-3-103 गुरोश्च हलः – Following a consonant-ending verbal root having a vowel which has the गुरु-सञ्ज्ञा the affix ‘अ’ is used to denote in the feminine gender either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name. Note: The सूत्रम् 3-3-103 गुरोश्च हलः applies here because the vowel ‘ई’ in the verbal root ‘ईह्’ has the गुरु-सञ्ज्ञा as per the सूत्रम् 1-4-12 दीर्घं च।
Note: The affix ‘अ’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the affix क्तिन् prescribed by 3-3-94 स्त्रियां क्तिन्।
= ईह । ‘ईह’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: Since this प्रातिपदिकम् is used in the feminine gender we have to add the appropriate feminine affix (स्त्रीप्रत्यय:)।
ईह + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्।
= ईह + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= ईहा । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The construction of our new house is partly done.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निर्माण’ for ‘construction.’
Answer: अस्माकम् नूतनगृहस्य निर्माणम् कृताकृतम् = अस्माकं नूतनगृहस्य निर्माणं कृताकृतम् ।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In the war with the demons, the army of monkeys was partly destroyed.” Form a कर्मधारय: compound for ‘partly destroyed’ = नष्टं च तदनष्टम्।
Answer: रक्षोभिः सह युद्धे वानरसैन्यम् नष्टानष्टम् = रक्षोभिः सह युद्धे वानरसैन्यं नष्टानष्टम् ।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘छ्’ in the form गच्छति?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-77 इषुगमियमां छः prescribes the substitution ‘छ्’ in the form गच्छति derived from √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).
Please see answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the form गच्छति – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/03/21/गमिष्यते-3ps-लृँट्/#comment-3523
2. Can you spot the affix ‘उ’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ‘उ’ occurs in the form कुरुते – derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे, धातु-पाठः #८. १०).
The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
कृ + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= कृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= कृ + त । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले।
= कृ + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
= कृ + उ + ते । By 3-1-79 तनादिकृञ्भ्य उः – When a सार्वधातुकम् affix signifying the agent follows, the affix ‘उ’ is placed after the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) and also after a verbal root belonging to the तनादि-गणः। The affix ’उ’ gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्द्धधातुकं शेषः।
= कर् + उ + ते । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः। Note: Since ‘ते’ is a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: which is अपित् (does not have the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), it is ङित्-वत् (behaves as having the letter ’ङ्’ as a इत्) by 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च stops the गुणादेश: for the letter ‘उ’ which would have been done by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।
= कुरु + ते । By 6-4-110 अत उत् सार्वधातुके।
= कुरुते ।