Today we will look at the form सर्वेषु भूतेषु nLp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.7.32.
हरिः सर्वेषु भूतेषु भगवानास्त ईश्वरः । इति भूतानि मनसा कामैस्तैः साधु मानयेत् ।। ७-७-३२ ।।
एवं निर्जितषड्वर्गैः क्रियते भक्तिरीश्वरे । वासुदेवे भगवति यया संलभते रतिम् ।। ७-७-३३ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
निर्जितः षण्णां कामक्रोधलोभमोहमदमत्सराणामिन्द्रियाणां वा वर्गो यैः ।। ३३ ।।
Gita Press translation – (Nay,) one should (as far as possible) duly gratify (the various) living beings with their objects of desire under the belief that the almighty Lord Śrī Hari is present in all created beings (32). In this way devotion to the all-powerful Lord Vāsudeva is practiced by those who have subdued the six senses (including the mind, the internal sense) – devotion through which one fully develops love (for Him) (33).
सर्वेषु is नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् of the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्व’। भूतेषु is सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् of the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भूत’।
(1) सर्व + सुप् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the सूत्रम् 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् – That कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the agent/object – of an action subsisting in the agent/object is called अधिकरणम् (location.)
In the present example, ‘भूत’ (qualified by the pronoun ‘सर्व’) is the कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the agent भगवान् – of the action आस्ते subsisting in the agent. Hence ‘भूत’/’सर्व’ get the designation अधिकरणम् (location.)
Note: औपश्लेषिको वैषयिकोऽभिव्यापकश्चेत्याधारस्त्रिधा – आधारः is of three kinds (i) औपश्लेषिक: involving contact or proximity (ii) वैषयिक: involving a subject matter (iii) अभिव्यापक: involving pervasion.
By 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च – A seventh case affix (‘ङि’, ‘ओस्’, ‘सुप्’) is used to denote अधिकरणम् (location), provided it has not been expressed otherwise. The use of ‘च’ in the सूत्रम् tells us that a seventh case affix is also used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) having the sense of either ‘far’ or ‘near.’
(2) सर्व + सु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) सर्वे + सु । By 7-3-103 बहुवचने झल्येत् – The ending letter ‘अ’ of a अङ्गम् changes to ‘ए’ when followed by a plural सुँप् affix beginning with a झल् letter.
(4) सर्वेषु । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययोः।
Similarly भूतेषु is derived from the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भूत’।
Questions:
1. Where has the combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च been used for the first time in Chapter 13 of the गीता?
2. Where else (besides in सर्वेषु भूतेषु) has the combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च been used in the verses?
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form यया?
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईश्वर?
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This water is sweet.” Paraphrase to “There is sweetness in this water.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘माधुर्य’ for ‘sweetness.’
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the affix शप् taken the लुक् elision?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु been used in the verses?
1. Where has the combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च been used for the first time in Chapter 13 of the गीता?
Answer: The combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च has been used for the first time in Chapter 13 of the गीता in the following verse in the form सर्वक्षेत्रेषु (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वक्षेत्र’, सप्तमी-बहुवचनम्) –
क्षेत्रज्ञं चापि मां विद्धि सर्वक्षेत्रेषु भारत |
क्षेत्रक्षेत्रज्ञयोर्ज्ञानं यत्तज्ज्ञानं मतं मम || 13-3||
‘सर्वक्षेत्र’ is the कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the object क्षेत्रज्ञम्/माम् – of the action विद्धि subsisting in the object. Hence ‘सर्वक्षेत्र’ get the designation अधिकरणम् (location.) Here the आधारः is अभिव्यापक: – involving pervasion.
And as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च, the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सर्वक्षेत्र’ takes a seventh case affix to give the form सर्वक्षेत्रेषु।
2. Where else (besides in सर्वेषु भूतेषु) has the combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च been used in the verses?
Answer: The combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च has also been used in the forms ईश्वरे, वासुदेवे and भगवति in the verses.
‘ईश्वर’/’वासुदेव’/’भगवत्’ is the कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the object भक्ति: – of the action क्रियते subsisting in the object. Note: Since the verb क्रियते is in the passive voice, the object भक्ति: is in the nominative case.
Hence ‘ईश्वर’/’वासुदेव’/’भगवत्’ gets the designation अधिकरणम् (location.) Here the आधारः is वैषयिक: – involving a subject matter.
And as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च, the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईश्वर’/’वासुदेव’/’भगवत्’ takes a seventh case affix to give the form ईश्वरे/वासुदेवे/भगवति।
3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form यया?
Answer: The third case affix used in यया (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यद्’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे तृतीया-बहुवचनम्) is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used to denote कर्ता (the doer of the action) as well as करणम् (the instrument of the action) provided the doer/instrument has not been expressed otherwise.
Note: The सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यद्’ is qualifying the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भक्ति’ which is the instrument with regard to the action संलभते (is fully developed.) Hence ‘यद्’ takes a third case affix by 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया।
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईश्वर’?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘वरच्’ is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईश्वर’ – derived from the verbal root √ईश् (ईशँ ऐश्वर्ये २. १०).
Please see answer to question 2 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ईश्वर’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/01/24/स्थावरैः-nip/#comment-18164
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति has been used in the verses in the form रतिम् (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रति’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √रम् (रमुँ क्रीडायाम् । रमँ इति माधवः १. ९८९).
रमणं रतिः।
The स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रति’ is derived as follows –
रम् + क्तिन् । By 3-3-94 स्त्रियां क्तिन् – The affix क्तिन् may be used following a verbal root to denote in the feminine gender either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
Note: घञोऽपवादः । The affix क्तिन् prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the affix ‘घञ्’ prescribed by 3-3-18 भावे and 3-3-19 अकर्तरि च कारके संज्ञायाम्।
= रम् + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The affix क्तिन् is prohibited from taking the augment इट् by 7-2-9 तितुत्रतथसिसुसरकसेषु च। In addition, 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् also blocks the augment इट् here because √रम् is अनुदात्तोपदश:।
= रति । By 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति – There is an elision of the final nasal consonant of the verbal root √वन् (वनँ शब्दे १. ५३३, वनँ सम्भक्तौ १. ५३४, वनुँ च नोच्यते १. ९१५) and of the verbal roots* which have अनुदात्त-स्वरः in the धातु-पाठः as well as of the verbal roots belonging to the तनादि-गणः – when followed by a झलादि-प्रत्ययः (an affix beginning with a झल् letter) which is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) or a ङित् (has the letter ‘ङ्’ as a इत्)।
Note: * सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी – ‘यमिरमिनमिगमिहनिमन्यतयोऽनुदात्तोपदेशाः।’ The following six roots end in a nasal consonant and have a अनुदात्त-स्वरः in the धातु-पाठः।
√यम् (यमँ उपरमे १. ११३९), √रम् (रमुँ क्रीडायाम् | रमँ इति माधवः १. ९८९), √नम् (णमँ प्रह्वत्वे शब्दे च १. ११३६), √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७), √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) and √मन् (मनँ ज्ञाने ४. ७३)।
‘रति’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This water is sweet.” Paraphrase to “There is sweetness in this water.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘माधुर्य’ for ‘sweetness.’
Answer: अस्मिन् जले माधुर्यम् अस्ति = अस्मिञ्जले माधुर्यमस्ति।
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the affix शप् taken the लुक् elision?
Answer: The affix शप् has taken the लुक् elision in the form आस्ते – derived from the verbal root √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११).
Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the form आस्ते – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/16/मीमांसते-3as-लँट्/#comment-4023
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु has been used in the verses in the passive form क्रियते derived from √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form क्रियते – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/04/लिप्सवः-mnp/#comment-3963