Today we will look at the form आसीनम् mAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.9.10.

तान्समेतान्महाभागानुपलभ्य वसूत्तमः । पूजयामास धर्मज्ञो देशकालविभागवित् ।। १-९-९ ।।
कृष्णं च तत्प्रभावज्ञ आसीनं जगदीश्वरम् । हृदिस्थं पूजयामास माययोपात्तविग्रहम् ।। १-९-१० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
वसूत्तमो भीष्मः । देशकालविभागविदित्युत्थातुमशक्यत्वाच्छयान एव मनसा वाचा च पूजयामासेत्यभिप्रायः ।। ९ ।। हृदिस्थं सन्तं पुरतश्चासीनं पूजयामास ।। १० ।।

Translation – Seeing those highly blessed souls assembled there, Bhīṣma (the foremost of the Vasus, a class of gods) who was well-versed in the principles of right conduct paid his respect to them with due regard to the occasion and place (9). Bhīṣma was also acquainted with the glory of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Lord of the universe, who was sitting before him in a personal form assumed through Māyā, and was also enthroned in his heart, and he paid his homage to Him (10).

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आसीन’ is derived from the verbal root √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११).

The अकार: at the end of ‘आसँ’ gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। This इत् letter has a अनुदात्त-स्वरः। Therefore as per 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √आस् takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः।

(1) आस् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) आस् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) आस् + शानच् । 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे – The affix ‘लँट्’ is replaced by ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ as long as the derived word is in agreement with (has the same reference as) a word which ends in a nominal ending other than the nominative. Note: As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा, while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। And as explained above, √आस् is आत्मनेपदी। Hence ‘शानच्’ is chosen and not ‘शतृँ’।

(4) आस् + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) आस् + शप् + आन । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. Note: ‘शानच्’ has the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(6) आस् + आन । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

(7) आस् + ईन । By 7-2-83 ईदासः – When following a अङ्गम् consisting of the verbal root √आस् (आसँ उपवेशने २. ११), (the आकार: of) ‘आन’ is replaced by a ईकार:। Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-54 आदेः परस्य only the beginning आकारः of the term ‘आन’ is replaced by a ईकार:।

= आसीन ।

‘आसीन’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(8) आसीन + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of “अम्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(9) आसीनम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix “अम्” there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-83 ईदासः (used in step 7) been used in Chapter Twelve of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-2-83 ईदासः, the काशिका says – अत्र पञ्चम्या परस्य षष्ठी कल्प्यते। Please explain.

3. Can you spot the affix ‘क्विँप्’ in the verses?

4. Where has the substitution ‘शानच्’ (in place of ‘लँट्’) been used in the commentary? Where has ‘शतृँ’ been used?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Kaikeyī wanted to see Bharata sitting on the throne.” Use the affix ‘सन्’ with the verbal root √दृश् (दृशिँर् प्रेक्षणे १. ११४३) for ‘to want to see.’ Remember to use 1-3-57 ज्ञाश्रुस्मृदृशां सनः।

Advanced question:

1. Derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उपात्त’ (used in the verses in the compound उपात्तविग्रहम्) from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०) with the two उपसर्गौ ‘उप’ + ‘आ’ (आङ्)। You will need to use the following सूत्रम् (which we have not studied) 7-4-47 अच उपसर्गात्तः । वृत्ति: अजन्तादुपसर्गात्परस्य ‘दा’ इत्यस्य घोरचस्त: स्यात्तादौ किति। The letter ‘त्’ is substituted in place of the vowel (‘आ’) of the verbal root √दा which has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-1-20), when the following conditions are satisfied – (i) √दा is preceded by a उपसर्ग: which ends in a अच् (vowel) and (ii) √दा is followed by an affix which is कित् (has ककार: as a इत्) and begins with a तकार:।

Easy questions:

1.  Which सूत्रम् is used for the नकारादेश: (letter ‘न्’ as a substitute) in the form तान् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तद्’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्)?

2. Can you spot a एकारादेश: (letter ‘ए’ as a substitute) in the verses?