Today we will look at the form गायन्त्यः fNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.25.33.

शङ्खदुन्दुभयो नेदुर्दिवि देवप्रणोदिताः । जगुर्गन्धर्वपतयस्तुम्बुरुप्रमुखा नृप ।। १०-२५-३२ ।।
ततोऽनुरक्तैः पशुपैः परिश्रितो राजन्स गोष्ठं सबलोऽव्रजद्धरिः । तथाविधान्यस्य कृतानि गोपिका गायन्त्य ईयुर्मुदिता हृदिस्पृशः ।। १०-२५-३३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
ततो गोवर्धनस्थानात् । अस्य श्रीकृष्णस्य तथाविधानि गोवर्धनोद्धरणादिरूपाणि कृतानि कर्माणि गायन्त्य ईयुर्ययुः । कथंभूताः । एवं प्रेम्णा हृदि स्पृशन्तीति हृदिस्पृशस्ताः । यद्वा कथंभूतस्य । प्रेष्ठत्वेन तासां हृदि स्पृशतीति हृदिस्पृक् तस्य ।। ३३ ।।

Gita Press translation “Prompted by the gods, conchs and kettledrums sounded in the heavens; while Gandharva chiefs – the foremost of whom was Tumburu – sang, O protector of men! (32) Surrounded by loving cowherds and accompanied by Balarāma, O king, the said Śrī Hari went back from that place to Vraja. Full of delight the cowherd women (too) returned (to their respective homes) celebrating such exploits (as the uplifting of Govardhana) of Śrī Kṛṣṇa (who had captivated their heart).(33)”

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘गायत्’ is derived from the verbal root √गै (गै शब्दे १. १०६५)

√गै is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, √गै takes परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default.

(1) गै + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) गै + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) गै + शतृँ । By 3-2-126 लक्षणहेत्वोः क्रियायाः – ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ replaces ‘लँट्’ when it follows a verbal root which denotes an action which constitutes a characteristic (लक्षणम्) or result/cause (हेतु: = फलम्/कारणम्) of another action (in the present example ईयु:)। Note: As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा, while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। And as explained above, √गै is परस्मैपदी। Hence ‘शतृँ’ is chosen and not ‘शानच्’।

(4) गै + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) गै + शप् + अत् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. Note: As per 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा।

(6) गै + अ + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) गाय् + अ + अत् = गाय + अत् । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

(8) गायत् । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे। Note: Recall the सूत्रम् 6-1-85 अन्तादिवच्च – When a single substitute comes (using 6-1-84) in place of the preceding and the following element, then that single substitute is treated as final (अन्त:) of what precedes as well as initial (आदि:) of what follows. In the present case, what precedes is the ending अकार: of ‘गाय’ and what follows is the beginning अकार: of ‘अत्’ and after applying 6-1-97 we get ‘गायत्’। Now 6-1-85 allows us to treat ‘गायत्’ as (i) गाय + त् as well as (ii) गाय् + अत्। In step 11 below we will treat it as गाय + त् allowing us to satisfy the conditions for applying 7-1-81.

‘गायत्’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

Now we derive the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘गायन्ती’ –

(9) गायत् + ङीप् । By 4-1-6 उगितश्च – A प्रातिपदिकम् which ends in a उगित् (which has a उक् letter – ‘उ’, ‘ऋ’, ‘ऌ’ – as a इत्) takes the ङीप् affix in the feminine gender. Note: ‘गायत्’ ends in the affix ‘शतृँ’ which has ऋकार: has a इत्। This allows 4-1-6 to apply here.

(10) गायत् + ई । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(11) गाय नुँम् त् + ई । By 7-1-81 शप्श्यनोर्नित्यम् – When a term (‘त्’) which is part of a शतृँ-प्रत्यय: follows a अवर्ण: (अकार: or आकार:) belonging to the शप्/श्यन्-प्रत्यय:, then a अङ्गम् ending in such a term always takes the नुँम् augment when the शी-प्रत्यय: or the feminine ङी-प्रत्यय: follows. As per 1-1-47 मिदचोऽन्त्यात्परः, the नुँम् augment joins after the last vowel (अकार:) of “गायत्”।

(12) गायन्ती । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(13) गायंती । By 8-3-24 नश्चापदान्तस्य झलि ।

(14) गायन्ती । By 8-4-58 अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।

Please see answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of गायन्त्यः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/23/रेमिरे-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3149

Questions:

1. In the गीता can you spot a line in which every word contains ‘शतृँ’?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-1-81 (used in step 11), the काशिका says – नित्यग्रहणं वेत्यस्याधिकारस्य निवृत्त्यर्थम्। Please explain.

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prevents the augment ‘इट्’ in the form ‘श्रित’ (used in परिश्रित: in the verses)?

5. Can you spot a नकार-लोप: in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Śrī Hanumān saw ogresses threatening Sītā.” Use √तर्ज् (तर्जँ भर्त्सने १. २५९) for ‘to threaten.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-62 झयो होऽन्यतरस्याम् been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot a अकार-लोप: (elision of the letter ‘अ’) in the commentary?