Today we will look at the form शयानान् mAp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.6.27.

भार्याशतेन निर्विण्ण ऋषयोऽस्य कृपालवः । इष्टिं स्म वर्तयांचक्रुरैन्द्रीं ते सुसमाहिताः ।। ९-६-२६ ।।
राजा तद्यज्ञसदनं प्रविष्टो निशि तर्षितः । दृष्ट्वा शयानान्विप्रांस्तान्पपौ मन्त्रजलं स्वयम् ।। ९-६-२७ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
भार्याणां शतेन सह । अस्य पुत्रार्थमिन्द्रदैवत्यामिष्टिं वर्तयामासुः । स्मेत्याश्चर्ये ।। २६ ।। तदेवाह – राजेति षड्भिः । तर्षितस्तृषितः सन् जलार्थं प्रविष्टः मन्त्राभिमन्त्रितं जलं पत्न्यै देयं स्वयं पपौ ।। २७ ।।

Gita Press translation – (Being issue-less and therefore) full of despair, (Yuvanāśwa retired to a forest hermitage) along with his hundred wives. The sages (of that hermitage) were (very) compassionate by nature. Lo! with (great) concentration of mind they conducted on his behalf a sacrifice intended to propitiate Indra (the Lord of paradise) (25). Feeling thirsty at night, the king (Yuvanāśwa) entered their sacrificial hut and, finding the Brāhmaṇas (in charge of the sacrifice) asleep, drank the water (that had been) consecrated with Mantras (and reserved for the principal queen) himself (27).

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शयान’ is derived from the verbal root √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः २. २६)

The ङकार: at the end of ‘शीङ्’ gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Thus ‘शीङ्’ is a ङित् (has ङकारः as a इत् letter.) Therefore as per 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √शी takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः।

(1) शी + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) शी + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) शी + शानच् । 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे – The affix ‘लँट्’ is replaced by ‘शतृँ’/’शानच्’ as long as the derived word is in agreement with (has the same reference as) a word which ends in a nominal ending other than the nominative. Note: As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, ‘शतृँ’ has the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा, while as per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, ‘शानच्’ has the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। And as explained above, √शी is आत्मनेपदी। Hence ‘शानच्’ is chosen and not ‘शतृँ’।

(4) शी + आन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) शी + शप् + आन । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. Note: ‘शानच्’ has the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(6) शी + आन । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

(7) शे + आन । By 7-4-21 शीङः सार्वधातुके गुणः, the verbal root √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६) takes गुण-आदेशः when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः follows.

(8) शयान । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

‘शयान’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्।

(9) शयान + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(10) शयान + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकारः of ‘शस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।

(11) शयानास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः – When an अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)

(12) शयानान् । By 6-1-103 तस्माच्छसो नः पुंसि – In the masculine gender, when the letter “स्” of the affix “शस्” follows a vowel which has been elongated by 6-1-102 then it is replaced by the letter “न्”।

Questions:

1. Where has ‘शानच्’ been used in Chapter Fifteen of the गीता?

2. Can you recall another सूत्रम् (besides 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions ‘शानच्’?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-65 ईद्यति been used in the commentary?

4. In the form प्रविष्टः the affix ‘क्त’ has been used:
(i) कर्तरि
(ii) कर्मणि
(iii) भावे
(iv) None of the above.

5. Where has ‘शतृँ’ been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The Greeks eat while reclining.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यवन’ for ‘Greek.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment ‘आट्’ in the commentary?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति been used in the commentary?