Today we will look at the form दृढैः mIp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.6.9.

को गृहेषु पुमान्सक्तमात्मानमजितेन्द्रियः । स्नेहपाशैर्दृढैर्बद्धमुत्सहेत विमोचितुम् ।। ७-६-९ ।।
को न्वर्थतृष्णां विसृजेत्प्राणेभ्योऽपि य ईप्सितः । यं क्रीणात्यसुभिः प्रेष्ठैस्तस्करः सेवको वणिक् ।। ७-६-१० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
ननु यौवने गृहासक्तोऽपि पश्चाद्विरक्तः सन् क्षेमं यास्यतीत्याशङ्क्य तदसंभवं दर्शयन्कौमार एवाचरेदित्येतदुपपादयति – को गृहेष्विति सप्तभिः ।। ९ ।। यमर्थमसुभिः क्रीणाति प्राणहानिमङ्गीकृत्यापि साधयति तस्करादिः । तस्मिन्नर्थे तृष्णां को नु विसृजेत् ।। १० ।।

Gita Press translation – What man whose senses have not (yet) been conquered can hope to liberate his own self, attached to his home and bound with the powerful cords of affection? (9) Who indeed can give up the thirst for wealth, which is coveted more than life itself and which is a thief as well as a servant and a merchant purchased even in exchange for his most beloved life? (10)

(1) By 7-2-20 दृढः स्थूलबलयोः – The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दृढ’ is given as a ready-made form (derived by adding the निष्ठा affix ‘क्त’ to the verbal root √दृह् (दृहँ वृद्धौ १. ८३४) or √दृन्ह् (दृहिँ वृद्धौ १. ८३५)) in the sense of ‘stout’ or ‘strong.’

क्तस्येडभाव:। तस्य ढत्वम्। हस्य लोप:। इदितो नलोपश्च। (from सिद्धान्तकौमुदी) The following four operations are implied in the form ‘दृढ’ –
(i) Absence of the augment ‘इट्’ (which would have been done by 7-2-35) for the affix ‘क्त’
(ii) A substitution of a ढकार: in place of the तकार: of the affix ‘क्त’
(iii) An elision of the हकार: of √दृह् or √दृन्ह् and
(iv) In case of √दृन्ह् – an elision of the नकार: (prescribed by 7-1-58) of the verbal root.

“दृढ” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-बहुवचनम्।

(2) दृढ + भिस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(3) दृढ + ऐस् । By 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् – Following a अङ्गम् ending in a अकार:, the affix “भिस्” is replaced by “ऐस्”। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकारः of “ऐस्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(4) दृढैस् । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

(5) दृढैः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दृढ’ been used in Chapter Six of the गीता?

2. In the absence of the सूत्रम् 7-2-20 दृढः स्थूलबलयोः what would have been the final form in this example?

3. Can you spot the affix ‘क’ in the verses?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-1-133 ण्वुल्तृचौ been used in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् is used for the अभ्यास-लोप: in the form ईप्सितः?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Had your resolve been strong (which clearly it wasn’t), you would have attained success.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निश्चय’ for ‘resolve’ and the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सिद्धि’ for ‘success.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘श’ in the verses?

2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is only one temple in this town.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘नगर’ for ‘town’ and the अव्ययम् ‘एव’ for ‘only.’