दाशरथिः mNs
Today we will look at the form दाशरथिः mNs from माघकाव्यम् 1.68.
स्मरत्यदो दाशरथिर्भवन्भवानमुं वनान्ताद्वनितापहारिणम् ।
पयोधिमाबद्धचलज्जलाविलं विलङ्घ्य लङ्कां निकषा हनिष्यति ॥ 1-68 ॥
मल्लिनाथ-टीका –
भातीति भवान् । भातेर्डवतुः । दशरथस्यापत्यं पुमान्दाशरथिः । “अत इञ्” इतीञ्प्रत्ययः । भवन् । रामः सन्नित्यर्थः । भवतेर्लटः शत्रादेशः । वनान्ताद्दण्डकारण्याद्वनितापहारिणं सीतापहर्तारममुं रावणम् । आबद्धः प्रक्षिप्ताद्रिभिर्बद्धसेतुः । अत एव चलन्ति जलानि यस्य स च । अत एवाविलश्च तमाबद्धचलज्जलाविलं पयोधिं विलङ्घ्य लङ्कां निकषा लङ्कासमीपे ‘समयानिकषाशब्दौ सामीप्ये त्वव्यये मतौ’ इति हलायुधः । “अभितः परितः समयानिकषाहाप्रतियोगेऽपि” इति द्वितीया । हनिष्यति अवधीत् । “अभिज्ञावचने लृट्” इति भूते लृट् । अदो हननं भवान्स्मरतीति काकुः । प्रत्यभिजानासि किमित्यर्थः । शेषे प्रथमः ॥
Translation – (Does) thou remember that – being the son of (King) Daśaratha, thou having crossed the bridged turbid ocean with turbulent waters, killed in the vicinity of Lañkā that (Rāvaṇa) – the abductor of the lady (Sītā) from the (Danḍaka) forest.
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – हनिष्यति 3As-लृँट्
दशरथस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = दाशरथिः (रामः) – a (male) descendant of Daśaratha. It refers to Śrī Rāma (son of Daśaratha)
In the verses the विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
(1) दशरथ ङस् + इञ् । By 4-1-95 अत इञ् – To denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant) the तद्धित: affix ‘इञ्’ may be applied optionally following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a sixth case affix and has a base ending in the letter ‘अ’। As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
Note: The term अत: used in this सूत्रम् is an adjective to प्रातिपदिकात् (ref. 4-1-1 ङ्याप्प्रातिपदिकात्) and as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-72 येन विधिस्तदन्तस्य we get the meaning अदन्तात् प्रातिपदिकात्। And bearing in mind that the affix is added to a पदम् and not directly to a प्रातिपदिकम्, it implies that the affix (इञ्) is (optionally) applied following a (sixth-case ending) पदम् derived from a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the letter ‘अ’।
Note: The affix ‘इञ्’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the default affix ‘अण्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्।
(2) दशरथ ङस् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘दशरथ ङस् + इ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) दशरथ + इ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘इञ्’ is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) दाशरथ + इ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘दाशरथ’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.
(5) दाशरथ् + इ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।
= दाशरथि । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दाशरथि’ declines like हरि-शब्दः।
(6) दाशरथि + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) दाशरथि + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) दाशरथिः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Similarly we can derive the following –
१) दुष्यन्तस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = दौष्यन्तिः (भरतः) – a (male) descendant of Duṣyanta. It refers to Bharata (son of Duṣyanta)
२) वसुकस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = वासुकिः – a (male) descendant of Vasuka
३) उत्तानपादस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = औत्तानपादः – a (male) descendant of Uttānapāda. It refers to Dhruva (son of Uttānapāda)
जैगीषव्योपदेशेन mIs
Today we will look at the form जैगीषव्योपदेशेन mIs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.21.26.
स कृत्व्यां शुककन्यायां ब्रह्मदत्तमजीजनत् । स योगी गवि भार्यायां विष्वक्सेनमधात्सुतम् ∥ ९-२१-२५ ∥
जैगीषव्योपदेशेन योगतन्त्रं चकार ह । उदक्स्वनस्ततस्तस्माद्भल्लादो बार्हदीषवाः ∥ ९-२१-२६ ∥
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
स एव कृत्व्यां कृत्वीसंज्ञायां शुककन्यायां ब्रह्मदत्तं च जनयामास । तदुक्तं हरिवंशादिषु – ‘पराशरकुलोत्पन्नः शुको नाम महायशाः ।। व्यासादरण्यां संभूतो विधूमोऽग्निरिवोज्ज्वलन् ∥ स तस्यां पितृकन्यायां वीरिण्यां जनयिष्यति ∥ कृष्णं गौरप्रभं शंभुं तथा भूरिश्रुतं जयम् ∥ कन्यां कीर्तिमतीं षष्ठीं योगिनीं योगमातरम् ∥ ब्रह्मदत्तस्य जननीं महिषीमणुहस्य च ∥’ इति । यद्यपि शुक उत्पत्त्यैव विमुक्तसङ्गो निर्गतस्तथापि विरहातुरं व्यासमनुयान्तं दृष्ट्वा छायाशुकं निर्माय गतवांस्तदभिप्रायेणैव गार्हस्थ्यादिव्यवहार इत्यविरोधः । स ब्रह्मदत्तो योगी । गवि वाचि सरस्वत्याम् ∥ २५ ∥ स एव योगतन्त्रं चकार । बार्हदीषवा बृहदिषोर्वंश्या इमे, दीर्घत्वमार्षम् ∥ २६ ∥
Gita Press translation – Through Kṛtvī, the daughter of Śuka, Nīpa begot (another son) Brahmadatta. The latter, (who was) a Yogī, begot through his wife Gau (Saraswatī), (a son named) Viṣwaksena (25). Inspired by the teachings of Jaigīṣavya, it is said, he produced a work on Yoga. From (the loins of) Viṣwaksena sprang up Udakswana and from him followed Bhallāda. These are the descendants of Bṛhadiṣu (26).
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – अजीजनत्-3as-लुँङ्
जिगीषोर्गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = जैगीषव्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of Jigīṣu
(1) जिगीषु ङस् + यञ् । By 4-1-105 गर्गादिभ्यो यञ् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, and which ends in a sixth case affix and which has ‘गर्ग’ etc (listed in the गर्गादि-गण:) as its base, the तद्धित: affix ‘यञ्’ may be applied optionally to denote a descendant having the designation ‘गोत्र’ (ref: 4-1-162 अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम्।)
Note: The अनुवृत्तिः of गोत्रे comes down into the सूत्रम् 4-1-105 from the सूत्रम् 4-1-98 गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ्।
As per 4-1-162 अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम् – The designation ‘गोत्र’ is assigned to a grandson/granddaughter onward when the intention is to express him/her as a descendant (अपत्यम्)।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
(2) जिगीषु ङस् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘जिगीषु ङस् + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) जिगीषु + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘यञ्’ is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) जैगीषु + य । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘जैगीषु’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः to apply in the next step.
(5) जैगीषो + य । By 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः – When followed by a तद्धितः affix, the ending letter ‘उ’/’ऊ’ of a अङ्गम् which has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-4-18 यचि भम्) takes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’)।
(6) जैगीषव् + य । By 6-1-79 वान्तो यि प्रत्यये – When followed by an affix which begins with the letter ‘य्’, the letters ‘ओ’ and ‘औ’ are replaced by ‘अव्’ and ‘आव्’ respectively.
= जैगीषव्य ।
Now we form the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जैगीषव्योपदेश’।
The लौकिक-विग्रह: is –
(7) जैगीषव्यस्योपदेशः = जैगीषव्योपदेशः – the teachings of Jaigīṣavya.
Note: The sixth case affix in जैगीषव्यस्य is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-50 षष्ठी शेषे।
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(8) जैगीषव्य ङस् + उपदेश सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी – A पदम् ending in a sixth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् ending in a सुँप् affix and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
(9) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘जैगीषव्य ङस्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-8 (which prescribes the compounding) the term षष्ठी ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘जैगीषव्य ङस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘जैगीषव्य ङस् + उपदेश सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(10) जैगीषव्य + उपदेश । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(11) जैगीषव्योपदेश । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जैगीषव्योपदेश’ is masculine since the latter member ‘उपदेश’ of the compound is masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:। The विवक्षा is तृतीया-एकवचनम्।
(12) जैगीषव्योपदेश + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(13) जैगीषव्योपदेश + इन । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire affix ‘टा’ is replaced.
(14) जैगीषव्योपदेशेन । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) मण्डोर्गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = माण्डव्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of the sage Manḍu
धौम्येन mIs
Today we will look at the form धौम्येन mIs from महाभारतम् 3.3.14.
जनमेजय उवाच
कथं कुरूणामृषभः स तु राजा युधिष्ठिरः । विप्रार्थमाराधितवान्सूर्यमद्भुतदर्शनम् ।। ३-३-१३ ।।
वैशम्पायन उवाच
शृणुष्वावहितो राजञ्शुचिर्भूत्वा समाहितः । क्षणं च कुरु राजेन्द्र सम्प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः ।। ३-३-१४ ।।
धौम्येन तु यथा पूर्वं पार्थाय सुमहात्मने । नामाष्टशतमाख्यातं तच्छृणुष्व महामते ।। ३-३-१४ ।।
Translation – Janamejaya said: For the sake of the Brāhmaṇas, how did that foremost of the Kurus, King Yudhiṣṭhira, worship the Sun of wonderful appearance? (13) Vaiśampāyana said: O king, (first) purify yourself and being composed listen with attention. O king of kings, make some leisure. I shall (then) tell you everything in detail (14). O highly intelligent one, listen to the one hundred and eight names (of the Sun), as they were told earlier by Dhaumya to the very high-souled Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pṛthā) (15).
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – नामाष्टशतम्-nNs
धूमस्य गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = धौम्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of the sage Dhūma
In the verses the विवक्षा is तृतीया-एकवचनम्, hence the form used is धौम्येन।
(1) धूम ङस् + यञ् । By 4-1-105 गर्गादिभ्यो यञ् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, and which ends in a sixth case affix and has ‘गर्ग’ etc (listed in the गर्गादि-गण:) as its base, the तद्धित: affix ‘यञ्’ may be applied optionally to denote a descendant having the designation ‘गोत्र’ (ref: 4-1-162 अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम्।)
Note: The अनुवृत्तिः of गोत्रे comes down into the सूत्रम् 4-1-105 from the सूत्रम् 4-1-98 गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ्।
As per 4-1-162 अपत्यं पौत्रप्रभृति गोत्रम् – The designation ‘गोत्र’ is assigned to a grandson/granddaughter onward when the intention is to express him/her as a descendant (अपत्यम्)।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
(2) धूम ङस् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘धूम ङस् + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) धूम + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘यञ्’ is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) धौम + य । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘धौम’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.
(5) धौम् + य । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।
= धौम्य । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धौम्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
(6) धौम्य + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) धौम्य + इन । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire affix ‘टा’ is replaced.
(8) धौम्येन । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
We can similarly derive the following –
१) पुलस्तेर्गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = पौलस्त्यः (रावणः) – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of (the sage) Pulasti
२) शकलस्य गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = शाकल्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of Śakala
३) मुद्गलस्य गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = मौद्गल्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of Mudgala
४) यज्ञवल्कस्य गोत्रापत्यम् (पुमान्) = याज्ञवल्क्यः – a (male) descendant (but not the son) of Yajñavalka
भारत mVs
Today we will look at the form भारत mVs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 6.17.16
अतः पापीयसीं योनिमासुरीं याहि दुर्मते । यथेह भूयो महतां न कर्ता पुत्र किल्बिषम् ॥ ६-१७-१५ ॥
श्रीशुक उवाच
एवं शप्तश्चित्रकेतुर्विमानादवरुह्य सः । प्रसादयामास सतीं मूर्ध्ना नम्रेण भारत ॥ ६-१७-१६ ॥
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
तदेवं स्वयं दण्ड्यत्वं निश्चित्य तं प्राह – अत इति । हे पुत्र, यथा भूयो महतां किल्बिषमपराधं न कर्ता न करिष्यसि तथा याहीत्यर्थः ।। १५ ।। १६ ।।
Gita Press translation “Hence be reborn in the demoniac species – a most wicked species – O evil-minded one, so that you may not perpetrate again in this world, such offense against the exalted souls my son.” Śrī Śuka resumed : “Thus subjected to an execration, the said Citraketu alighted from his aerial car and propitiated the noble lady (Goddess Pārvatī) with his head bent low (in the following words), O Parīkṣit (a scion of Bharata).”
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – कर्ता 3As-लुँट्
भरतस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = भारतः – a (male) descendant of Bharata – here it refers to Parīkṣit
In the verses the विवक्षा is सम्बुद्धिः, hence the form used is भारत।
(1) भरत ङस् + अञ् । By 4-1-86 उत्सादिभ्योऽञ् – The तद्धित: affix ‘अञ्’ is authorized for all rules down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्, provided it is applied to a पदम् which has ‘उत्स’ etc (listed in the उत्सादि-गण:) as its base.
Note: The affix ‘अञ्’ prescribed by 4-1-86 is a अपवादः to the default affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) as well as the affixes (‘इञ्’ etc.) which are अपवादाः to the affix ‘अण्’।
Note: The final form is the same regardless of whether the affix ‘अञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-86) or the default affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) is used. The only difference is in the स्वरः (intonation) in the Vedas.
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
Note: In the present example, first the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् prescribes the default affix ‘अण्’ which is over-ruled by the affix ‘इञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-95 अत इञ्)। This in turn is over-ruled by the affix ‘अञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-86 उत्सादिभ्योऽञ्) since ‘भरत’ is listed in the उत्सादि-गण:।
(2) भरत ङस् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘भरत ङस् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) भरत + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘अञ्’ is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) भारत + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘भारत’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.
(5) भारत् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।
= भारत । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भारत’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
The विवक्षा is सम्बुद्धिः। By 2-3-49 एकवचनं सम्बुद्धि: – The nominative singular affix (‘सुँ’) when used in a vocative form gets the designation सम्बुद्धि:।
(6) (हे) भारत + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। By 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote ‘address’ (in addition to the meaning of the nominal stem) also. Note: सम् (सम्मुखीकृत्य) बोधनम् (ज्ञापनम्) = सम्बोधनम्। सम्बोधनम् means drawing someone’s attention (to inform him/her of something.)
(7) (हे) भारत + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) (हे) भारत । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात् सम्बुद्धेः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in ‘एङ्’ (letter ‘ए’ or ‘ओ’) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.
बार्हस्पत्यस्य mGs
Today we will look at the form बार्हस्पत्यस्य mGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.18.22.
न ब्राह्मणो मे भविता हस्तग्राहो महाभुज । कचस्य बार्हस्पत्यस्य शापाद्यमशपं पुरा ॥ ९-१८-२२ ॥
ययातिरनभिप्रेतं दैवोपहृतमात्मनः । मनस्तु तद्गतं बुद्ध्वा प्रतिजग्राह तद्वचः ॥ ९-१८-२३ ॥
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
ब्राह्मणमेव त्वं वृणीहि किमनेनाग्रहेणेति चेत्तत्राह – न ब्राह्मण इति । बृहस्पतेः सुतः कचः शुक्रान्मृतसंजीवनीं विद्यामध्यगात्, तदा च देवयानी तं पतिं चकमे, स च गुरुपुत्री मम पूज्येति न तामुदवहत्, ततश्च कुपिता सती तवेयं विद्या निष्फला भवत्विति तं शशाप, स च तव ब्राह्मणः पतिर्न भवेदिति तां शशाप । तदेतदाह – यमहमशपं तस्य शापात् ॥ २२ ॥ अशास्त्रीयत्वादनभिप्रेतमपि दैवेनोपहृतं प्रापितं बुद्ध्वा तद्गतं तस्यां सकामं स्वं मनश्च बुद्ध्वा नह्यधर्मे मदीयं मनः प्रविशेदिति तस्या वचः प्रतिजग्राहाङ्गीकृतवान् ॥ २३ ॥
Gita Press translation “A Brāhmaṇa is not destined to be my husband, thanks to the imprecation of Kaca (the son of sage Bṛhaspati) – Kaca, whom I had cursed on a former occasion, O long-armed one!”(22) Recognizing the connection as having been pre-ordained by fate, even though it was not (at all) acceptable to him (inasmuch as it was against the recognized code of ethics), and perceiving his mind too (which could not lean towards unrighteousness) drawn towards her, Yayāti agreed to her proposal (23).”
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – भविता-3as-लुँट्
बृहस्पतेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = बार्हस्पत्यः – a (male) descendant of Bṛhaspati
In the verses the विवक्षा is षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, hence the form used is बार्हस्पत्यस्य।
(1) बृहस्पति ङस् + ण्य । By 4-1-85 दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः – The affix ‘ण्य’ is authorized for all rules down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्, provided it is applied to a पदम् derived from a प्रातिपदिकम् which is either ‘दिति’, ’अदिति’, ’आदित्य’ or a compound which has ‘पति’ as its latter member.
Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवादः to the affix ‘अण्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
(2) बृहस्पति ङस् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘बृहस्पति ङस् + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) बृहस्पति + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) बार् हस्पति + य । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (‘अ’, ‘इ’, ‘उ’) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a ‘रँ’ (‘र्’, ‘ल्’) letter.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘बार्हस्पति’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.
(5) बार्हस्पत् + य । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।
= बार्हस्पत्य । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बार्हस्पत्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
(6) बार्हस्पत्य + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) बार्हस्पत्यस्य । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire affix ‘ङस्’ is replaced.
We can similarly derive the following –
१) प्रजापतेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = प्राजापत्यः – a (male) descendant of a Prajāpati
२) सेनापतेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = सैनापत्यः – a (male) descendant of an army-general
दैत्यान् mAp, आदित्याः mNp
Today we will look at the forms दैत्यान् mAp, आदित्याः mNp from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.14.15.
पुत्रांस्त्रैलोक्यभर्तॄन्वै जनयिष्यथ मत्समान् । अदितिस्तन्मना राम दितिश्च दनुरेव च ।। ३-१४-१३ ।।
कालका च महाबाहो शेषास्त्वमनसोऽभवन् । अदित्यां जज्ञिरे देवास्त्रयस्त्रिंशदरिन्दम ।। ३-१४-१४ ।।
आदित्या वसवो रुद्रा अश्विनौ च परन्तप । दितिस्त्वजनयत्पुत्रान्दैत्यांस्तात यशस्विनः ।। ३-१४-१५ ।।
Gita Press translation – ‘You will give birth to sons like me, masters of the three worlds.’ O Rāma of mighty arms – Aditi, Diti, Danu and Kālakā were attentive, the rest were indifferent. “Of Aditi thirty-three gods were born, O vanquisher of foes – the (twelve) Ādityas, the (eight) Vasus, the (eleven) Rudras and the two Aświns, O tormentor of foes! Diti for her part gave birth to the famous Daityas (demons), O dear one! (13-15).”
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – जनयिष्यथ 2Ap-लृँट्
दितेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = दैत्यः – a (male) descendant of Diti
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्, hence the form used is दैत्यान्।
(1) दिति ङस् + ण्य । By 4-1-85 दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः – The affix ‘ण्य’ is authorized for all rules down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्, provided it is applied to a पदम् derived from a प्रातिपदिकम् which is either ‘दिति’, ’अदिति’, ’आदित्य’ or a compound which has ‘पति’ as its latter member.
Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवादः to the affix ‘अण्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
(2) दिति ङस् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘दिति ङस् + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) दिति + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) दैति + य । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘दैति’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.
(5) दैत् + य । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।
= दैत्य । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दैत्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
(6) दैत्य + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) दैत्य + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘शस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।
(8) दैत्यास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)
(9) दैत्यान् । By 6-1-103 तस्माच्छसो नः पुंसि – In the masculine gender, when the letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘शस्’ follows a vowel which has been elongated by 6-1-102 then it is replaced by the letter ‘न्’।
Similarly, we can derive the form आदित्याः used in the verses.
अदितेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = आदित्यः – a (male) descendant of Aditi
In the verses the विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, hence the form used is आदित्याः।
The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आदित्य’ is similar to the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ’दैत्य’ as shown above. The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आदित्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
राघवम् mAs
Today we will look at the form राघवम् mAs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 4.16.4.
सोढुं न च समर्थोऽहं युद्धकामस्य संयुगे । सुग्रीवस्य च संरम्भं हीनग्रीवस्य गर्जितम् ।। ४-१६-४ ।।
न च कार्यो विषादस्ते राघवं प्रति मत्कृते । धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च कथं पापं करिष्यति ।। ४-१६-५ ।।
निवर्तस्व सह स्त्रीभिः कथं भूयोऽनुगच्छसि । सौहृदं दर्शितं तारे मयि भक्तिः कृता त्वया ।। ४-१६-६ ।।
प्रतियोत्स्याम्यहं गत्वा सुग्रीवं जहि सम्भ्रमम् । दर्पं चास्य विनेष्यामि न च प्राणैर्वियोक्ष्यते ।। ४-१६-७ ।।
Gita Press translation – Nay, I am not able to tolerate the arrogance, much less the roar, of the weak-necked Sugrīva, who seeks an encounter on the battlefield (with me) (4). Nor should any anxiety be entertained by you from the side of Śrī Rāma on my account. How can Śrī Rāma – who knows what is right and cognizes his duty – perpetrate sin (in the form of killing one who is innocent)? (5) (Please) return with the (other) ladies. Why do you still follow me? Affection has been shown to such an extent and service rendered to me by you (6). Going out I shall give battle to Sugrīva; (pray) give up (all) perplexity. Nay, I shall take away his pride, yet he will not be rid of his life (7).
The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – सोढुम्-ind
रघोरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = राघवः – a (male) descendant of (the king) Raghu. Refers to Śrī Rāma.
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, hence the form used is राघवम्।
(1) रघु ङस् + अण् । By 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् – The affix ‘अण्’ is hereby authorized as the default affix for all rules from here (4-1-83) down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्। Note: The affix ‘अण्’ comes in by default in the section starting from 4-1-83 prior to 4-4-2.
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
Note: The use of a तद्धित: affix is optional because a sentence or a compound may also be constructed to convey the same meaning. So for example – the तद्धित: form राघवः and the sentence रघोरपत्यम् and the compound रघ्वपत्यम् all convey the same meaning – a descendant of (the king) Raghu.
(2) रघु ङस् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: ‘रघु ङस् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.
(3) रघु + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.
(4) राघु + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘राघु’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम्।
(5) राघो + अ । By 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः – When followed by a तद्धितः affix, the ending letter ‘उ’/’ऊ’ of a अङ्गम् which has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-4-18 यचि भम्) takes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’)।
(6) राघव । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राघव’ declines like राम-शब्दः।
(7) राघव + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(8) राघवम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
हंसः mNs
Today we will look at the form हंसः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.28.64.
यथा पुरुष आत्मानमेकमादर्शचक्षुषोः । द्विधाभूतमवेक्षेत तथैवान्तरमावयोः ।। ४-२८-६३ ।।
एवं स मानसो हंसो हंसेन प्रतिबोधितः । स्वस्थस्तद्व्यभिचारेण नष्टामाप पुनः स्मृतिम् ।। ४-२८-६४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तर्हि कथमावयोरज्ञत्वसर्वज्ञत्वादिधर्मभेदस्तत्राह – यथेति । आत्मानं देहमादर्शे निर्मलं महान्तं स्थिरं चावेक्षेत । परस्य चक्षुषि च तद्विपरीतम् । विद्याविद्योपाधिकृतो धर्मभेद इत्यर्थः ।। ६३ ।। एवममुना प्रकारेण स मानसो हंसः क्षेत्रज्ञो हंसेन परमात्मना बोधितः सन्स्वस्थ आत्मनि स्थितः संश्चिरं ध्यात्वा तद्व्यभिचारेणेश्वरवियोगेन विषयाभिलाषबुद्ध्या नष्टां स्मृतिमहं ब्रह्मास्मीति ज्ञानं पुनः प्राप्तवान् ।। ६४ ।।
Gita Press translation – Just as a man sees himself (his image) differently in a mirror and in the pupil of another’s eye, the difference between us two is of the same type (63). Admonished thus by the fellow-swan, the swan of the Mānasa lake was (once more) established in his own self and regained his self-consciousness, which had been lost due to his having parted company with his friend (64).
हंस: (a swan) may be derived as हन्ति (गच्छति – one who goes/moves) – from the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) as follows –
(1) हन् + अच् । By 3-1-134 नन्दिग्रहिपचादिभ्यो ल्युणिन्यचः – The affix ‘ल्यु’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘नन्दि’; the affix ‘णिनिँ’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘ग्रहि’; and the affix ‘अच्’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘पच्’।
Note: The पचादि-गणः is a आकृतिगणः – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and room is left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations. Hence even though हंस: may not be specifically listed in the पचादि-गणः we may consider it to be a part of the पचादि-गणः based on the usage seen in the language.
(2) हन् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) हन् सँक् + अ । As per 6-3-109 पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् – The forms such as ‘पृषोदर’ etc (which contain irregular operations – like an elision or an augment or a transformation of a letter – not prescribed by any rule) are to be taken as valid forms as they are used by the scholars.
Note: The पृषोदरादि-गणः is a आकृतिगणः – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and room is left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations. Hence even though हंस: may not be specifically listed in the पृषोदरादि-गणः we may consider it to be a part of the पृषोदरादि-गणः based on the usage seen in the language.
6-3-109 is used to justify the ad hoc addition of the augment ‘सँक्’ at the end (ref. 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ) of the base ‘हन्’ in order to arrive at the final form ‘हंस’ which is accepted by the scholars.
(4) हन्स । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(5) हंस । By 8-3-24 नश्चापदान्तस्य झलि – The letter ‘न्’ and the letter ‘म्’ which do not occur at the end of a पदम् get अनुस्वारः as replacement when a झल् letter follows.
Note: ‘हंस’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(6) हंस + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(7) हंस + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) हंस: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Can you spot a द्वन्द्व: compound in the verses?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-15 यस्य विभाषा been used in the verses?
3. In which word in the verses has the affix णिच् been elided?
4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘क’ in the form स्वस्थ: used in the verses? Which one prescribes it in the form क्षेत्रज्ञ: used in the commentary?
5. From which verbal root is the form ध्यात्वा (used in the commentary) derived?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Look at this beautiful swan, white as snow.” Construct a कर्मधारय: compound for ‘white as snow’ = ‘तुषार इव गौर:’।
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot the augment सीयुट् in the verses?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः been used in the verses?
सिंहः mNs
Today we will look at the form सिंहः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.50.31.
जग्राह विरथं रामो जरासन्धं महाबलम् । हतानीकावशिष्टासुं सिंहः सिंहमिवौजसा ।। १०-५०-३१ ।।
बध्यमानं हतारातिं पाशैर्वारुणमानुषैः । वारयामास गोविन्दस्तेन कार्यचिकीर्षया ।। १०-५०-३२ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
किंच जग्राहेति । हतान्यनीकानि यस्य, अवशिष्टा असव एव यस्य तं च तं च ।। ३१ ।। हता बहुशोऽरातयो येन तथाभूतमपि जरासन्धं बध्यमानं वारयामासेति ।। ३२ ।।
Gita Press translation – (Even) as a lion would seize another with force, Balarāma caught hold of Jarāsandha, who though very powerful, had lost his chariot and was left (alone) with his life, his (entire) force having been wiped out (31). With intent to accomplish His (own) work (of concentrating all undesirable elements) through him Śrī Kṛṣṇa (the Protector of cows) prevented his being bound (by Balarāma) with the cords of Varuṇa as well as with human ropes, although he had (himself) killed (numberless redoubtable) foes (in the past) (32).
सिंह: (a lion) may be derived as हिनस्ति (one who hurts/injures) from the verbal root √हिन्स् (हिसिँ हिंसायाम् ७. १९) as follows –
(1) हिन्स् + अच् । By 3-1-134 नन्दिग्रहिपचादिभ्यो ल्युणिन्यचः – The affix ‘ल्यु’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘नन्दि’; the affix ‘णिनिँ’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘ग्रहि’; and the affix ‘अच्’ may be used after a verbal root belonging to the group headed by ‘पच्’।
Note: The पचादि-गणः is a आकृतिगणः – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and there is room left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations. Hence even though सिंह: may not be specifically listed in the पचादि-गणः we may consider it to be a part of the पचादि-गणः based on the usage seen in the language.
(2) हिन्स् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) सिन्ह । As per 6-3-109 पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् – The forms such as ‘पृषोदर’ etc (which contain irregular operations – like an elision or an augment or a transformation of a letter – not prescribed by any rule) are to be taken as valid forms as they are used by the scholars.
Note: The पृषोदरादि-गणः is a आकृतिगणः – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and there is room left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations. Hence even though सिंह: may not be specifically listed in the पृषोदरादि-गणः we may consider it to be a part of the पृषोदरादि-गणः based on the usage seen in the language.
6-3-109 is used to justify the ad hoc interchange of the letters ‘ह्’ and ‘स्’ in order to arrive at the final form ‘सिंह’ which is accepted by the scholars.
(4) सिंह । By 8-3-24 नश्चापदान्तस्य झलि – The letter ‘न्’ and the letter ‘म्’ which do not occur at the end of a पदम् get अनुस्वारः as the replacement when a झल् letter follows.
Note: ‘सिंह’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(5) सिंह + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) सिंह + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(7) सिंह: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सिंह’ been used in the गीता (Chapter One)?
2. What is the विग्रह: of the compound हतानीकावशिष्टासुम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हतानीकावशिष्टासु’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
3. In which compound in the verses does the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) प्रादिभ्यो धातुजस्य वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः find application?
4. Can you spot the कृत् affix ‘अ’ in the verses?
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘आ’ in the compound महाबलम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘महाबल’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“All the animals in the forest are afraid of (from) the lion.” Use the masculine noun ‘मृग’ for ‘animal.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ज्’ in the form जग्राह?
2. In which word(s) in the commentary has the सूत्रम् 7-3-109 जसि च been used?
बलाहकः mNs
Today we will look at the form बलाहकः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.55.26.
अन्तःपुरवरं राजन्ललनाशतसङ्कुलम् । विवेश पत्न्या गगनाद्विद्युतेव बलाहकः ।। १०-५५-२६ ।।
तं दृष्ट्वा जलदश्यामं पीतकौशेयवाससम् । प्रलम्बबाहुं ताम्राक्षं सुस्मितं रुचिराननम् ।। १०-५५-२७ ।।
स्वलङ्कृतमुखाम्भोजं नीलवक्रालकालिभिः । कृष्णं मत्वा स्त्रियो ह्रीता निलिल्युस्तत्र तत्र ह ।। १०-५५-२८ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
विद्युता सह बलाहको मेघ इव ।। २६ ।। २७ ।। नीलाश्च वक्राश्च येऽलकास्त एवालयस्तैः । ह्रीता लज्जिताः ।। २८ ।।
Gita Press translation – Like a cloud attended with lightning, Pradyumna descended with his spouse from the sky into the magnificent gynaeceum crowded with hundred of ladies (26). Seeing him, sombre as a cloud and clad in yellow silk, with exceptionally long arms and reddish eyes, wearing a winsome smile and a charming countenance, his lotus-like face graced with locks of dark-blue curly hair, and thinking him to be Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the ladies, so the story goes, hid themselves wherever they could out of bashfulness (27-28).
(1) वारिणो वाहक: = बलाहक: – a cloud (carrier of water.)
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) वारि ङस् + वाहक सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी – A पदम् ending in a sixth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् ending in a सुँप् affix and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
By the सूत्रम् 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – ‘वारि ङस्’ (which ends in a sixth case affix) gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-8 षष्ठी (which prescribes the compounding) the term षष्ठी ends in the nominative case.
And hence as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् the term ‘वारि ङस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound. Note: ‘वारि ङस् + वाहक सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च । This allows the सूत्रम् 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(3) वारि + वाहक । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(4) बलाहक । As per 6-3-109 पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् – The forms such as ‘पृषोदर’ etc (which contain irregular operations – like an elision or an augment or a transformation of a letter – not prescribed by any rule) are to be taken as valid forms as they are used by the scholars.
The पृषोदरादि-गण: is listed in the गण-पाठ: as follows – ‘पृषोदर’, ‘पृषोत्थान’, ‘बलाहक‘, ‘जीमूत’, ‘श्मशान’, ‘उलूखल’, ‘पिशाच’, ‘बृसी’, ‘मयूर’।
6-3-109 is used to justify the ad hoc substitution of ‘ब’ in place of the entire पूर्वपदम् ‘वारि’ and of the letter ‘ल्’ in place of the initial letter ‘व्’ of the उत्तरपदम् ‘वाहक’ in order to arrive at the final compound form ‘बलाहक’ listed in the पृषोदरादि-गण:।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बलाहक’ is masculine since the latter member ‘वाहक’ (which after the application of 6-3-109 becomes ‘लाहक’) of the compound is used here in the masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(5) बलाहक + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) बलाहक + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(7) बलाहक: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Which compound in the verses has been composed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः?
2. What type of compound is रुचिराननम् as used in the verses?
i. कर्मधारय:
ii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. द्वन्द्व:
3. What is the विग्रह: of the compound सुस्मितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुस्मित’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the words पत्न्या and विद्युता used in the verses?
5. Can you spot the समासान्त: affix षच् in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Without clouds lightning cannot occur.” Use the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) with the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’ for ‘to occur.’
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the substitution णल् (in place of the affix तिप्) been used?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य been used in the verses?
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