Today we will look at the form विगतस्पृहः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.19.21.
इत्युक्त्वा नाहुषो जायां तदीयं पूरवे वयः । दत्त्वा स्वां जरसं तस्मादाददे विगतस्पृहः ।। ९-१९-२१ ।।
दिशि दक्षिणपूर्वस्यां द्रुह्युं दक्षिणतो यदुम् । प्रतीच्यां तुर्वसुं चक्र उदीच्यामनुमीश्वरम् ।। ९-१९-२२ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
No commentary on these verses.
Gita Press translation – Having spoken thus to his wife (Devayānī) and returned Pūru’s youth to him, Yayāti received (back) his own old age (from him), all craving for enjoyment having left him for good (21). He appointed Druhyu as the ruler in the south-eastern quarter, Yadu in the south, Turvasu in the west and Anu in the north (22).
(1) विगता स्पृहा यस्य स: = विगतस्पृहः – He (Yayāti) whose craving for enjoyment had completely gone.
(2) विगता सुँ + स्पृहा सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
(3) By the सूत्रम् 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘विगता सुँ’ as well as ‘स्पृहा सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.
The adjective ‘विगता सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.
Note: ‘विगता सुँ + स्पृहा सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) विगता + स्पृहा । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) विगत + स्पृहा । By 6-3-34 स्त्रियाः पुंवद्भाषितपुंस्कादनूङ् समानाधिकरणे स्त्रियामपूरणीप्रियादिषु – A feminine adjective which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ (ref. 4-1-66 ऊङुतः etc) and is formed from a masculine base denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like when it is followed by a feminine final member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference) but not if the final member denotes an ordinal number or belongs to the class of words ‘प्रिया’ etc.
In the present example the feminine adjective ‘विगता’ which does not end in the feminine affix ‘ऊङ्’ and is formed from the masculine base ‘विगत’ denoting the same meaning becomes masculine-like (‘विगत’) because it is followed by the feminine final member ‘स्पृहा’ which has समानाधिकरणम् (same locus/reference).
See questions 2 and 3.
(6) विगतस्पृह । By 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य – The ending vowel (ref. 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य) of a प्रातिपदिकम् is shortened if the प्रातिपदिकम् ends in either –
i) the term ‘गो’ that has the designation उपसर्जनम् or
ii) a term which ends in a feminine affix and has the designation उपसर्जनम्।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example विगतस्पृहः is qualifying नाहुष: (ययातिः) । Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विगतस्पृह’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(7) विगतस्पृह + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(8) विगतस्पृह + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(9) विगतस्पृह: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. In which chapter(s) of the गीता has the compound ‘विगतस्पृह’ been used?
2. What is the optional second form for the above compound in the case where the affix ‘कप्’ is applied using the सूत्रम् 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा?
3. What is the optional third form for the above compound in the case where the affix ‘कप्’ is applied using the सूत्रम् 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा and the ending long vowel ‘आ’ of the अङ्गम् (base) is shortened using the सूत्रम् 7-4-15 आपोऽन्यतरस्याम्?
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fourth case affix in the form पूरवे?
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः been used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Because king Daśaratha was true to his promise he exiled his own beloved son Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who is true to his promise’ = ‘one whose promise is true’ = ‘सत्या प्रतिज्ञा यस्य स:’। Use a causative form of the verbal root √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ for ‘to exile.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् mandates the use of a आत्मनेपदम् affix in the form आददे?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the verses?
1. In which chapter(s) of the गीता has the compound ‘विगतस्पृह’ been used?
Answer: The compound ‘विगतस्पृह’ has been used in Chapters Two and Eighteen of the गीता in the following verses –
दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमनाः सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः ।
वीतरागभयक्रोधः स्थितधीर्मुनिरुच्यते ॥ 2-56 ॥
असक्तबुद्धिः सर्वत्र जितात्मा विगतस्पृहः ।
नैष्कर्म्यसिद्धिं परमां संन्यासेनाधिगच्छति ॥ 18-49 ॥
2. What is the optional second form for the above compound in the case where the affix ‘कप्’ is applied using the सूत्रम् 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा?
Answer: The second optional form is विगतस्पृहाकः|
After step 5, we apply 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा to get the optional form –
विगतस्पृहा + कप् । By 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound for which no other समासान्त: operation has been prescribed and which is composed using a rule in the अधिकार: of शेष: (which runs from 2-2-23 शेषो बहुव्रीहिः to 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) the तद्धित: affix कप् is optionally prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.
= विगतस्पृहा + क । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= विगतस्पृहाक ।
3. What is the optional third form for the above compound in the case where the affix ‘कप्’ is applied using the सूत्रम् 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा and the ending long vowel ‘आ’ of the अङ्गम् (base) is shortened using the सूत्रम् 7-4-15 आपोऽन्यतरस्याम्?
Answer: The third optional form is विगतस्पृहकः।
After applying the optional affix ‘कप्’ by 5-4-154 शेषाद्विभाषा (as shown in the answer to question 2 above), we apply 7-4-15 आपोऽन्यतरस्याम् to get the third optional form –
विगतस्पृहा + क
= विगतस्पृह + क । By 7-4-15 आपोऽन्यतरस्याम् – (The ending long vowel ‘आ’ of) a अङ्गम् (base) ending in the feminine affix ‘आप्’ is optionally replaced by its short counterpart ‘अ’ when followed by the affix ‘कप्’। Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending long vowel ‘आ’ of the अङ्गम् – and not the entire अङ्गम् – is replaced.
= विगतस्पृहक ।
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fourth case affix in the form पूरवे?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने justifies the use of a fourth case affix in the form पूरवे (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पूरु’, चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्)।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने – A fourth case affix (‘ङे’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used to denote the सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) provided it has not been expressed otherwise.
The सूत्रम् 2-3-13 applies here because ‘पूरु’ gets the designation सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) by the सूत्रम् 1-4-32 कर्मणा यमभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् – That कारकम् (participant in the action) whom the doer wishes to connect/endow with the object of an action is called सम्प्रदानम् (recipient.)
The doer is नाहुषः (Yayāti), the object of the action (दत्त्वा) is वयः (youth), and the सम्प्रदानम् (recipient) is ‘पूरु’। Therefore the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पूरु’ takes a fourth case affix by the सूत्रम् 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने।
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः has been used in the verses in the form दत्त्वा – derived from the verbal root √दा [डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०].
दा + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
Note: Here the common agent of the actions दत्त्वा (having given) – as well as आददे (took) is नाहुषः (Yayāti). The earlier of the two actions is the action of giving which is denoted by √दा and hence √दा takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – the कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्त्वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्) of the action.
= दा + त्वा । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् prevents the affix ‘त्वा’ from taking the augment ‘इट्’ which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
= दथ् + त्वा । By 7-4-46 दो दद् घोः – The term ‘दथ्’ is substituted in place of the (entire) verbal root √दा which has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-1-20), when followed by an affix which is कित् (has letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) and begins with the letter ‘त्’। The entire term ‘दा’ is replaced by ‘दथ्’ as per the सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= दत्त्वा । By 8-4-55 खरि च।
‘दत्त्वा’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।
दत्त्वा + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
= दत्त्वा । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Because king Daśaratha was true to his promise he exiled his own beloved son Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who is true to his promise’ = ‘one whose promise is true’ = ‘सत्या प्रतिज्ञा यस्य स:’। Use a causative form of the verbal root √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ for ‘to exile.’
Answer: यस्मात् राजा दशरथः सत्यप्रतिज्ञः/सत्यप्रतिज्ञाकः/सत्यप्रतिज्ञकः बभूव तस्मात् स्वम् प्रियम् पुत्रम् श्रीरामम् विवासयामास = यस्माद् राजा दशरथः सत्यप्रतिज्ञो/सत्यप्रतिज्ञाको/सत्यप्रतिज्ञको बभूव तस्मात् स्वं प्रियं पुत्रं श्रीरामं विवासयामास।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् mandates the use of a आत्मनेपदम् affix in the form आददे?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 1-3-20 आङो दोऽनास्यविहरणे mandates the use of a आत्मनेपदम् affix in the form आददे – derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०)।
Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the form आददे – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/12/गजस्थस्य-mgs/#comment-5480
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः has been used in the form चक्रे – derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०).
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form चक्रे – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/10/चक्रे-3as-लिँट्