Today we will look at the form तिरोभूय  ind from कथासरित्सागर: verse 17.6.111.

इत्युक्त्वोपेत्य साश्रुस्तामवोचद्देवि माधुना । क्वापि यासीरहं मुक्ताफलकेतु: स ते प्रिय: ॥ १७.६.१०९ ॥
दृढव्रतस्य शापेन मानुषीभूय संस्मृता । जातिर्मयाद्येत्युक्त्वा तामैच्छदाश्लेष्टुमुत्सुक: ॥ १७.६.११० ॥
सा तूद्भ्रान्ता तिरोभूय तत्रासीत्साश्रुलोचना । सोऽपि राजसुतोऽपश्यंस्तां मोहादपतद्‍भुवि ॥ १७.६.१११ ॥

Translation – When he had said this, he went up to her weeping and said, “Princess, do not go away anywhere now; for I am your former lover Muktāphalaketu. I became a human by the curse of the hermit Dṛḍhavrata, and I have now remembered my former birth.” Having said this, he desired, in his eagerness, to embrace her. But she was alarmed and having concealed herself stayed there with her eyes full of tears: and the prince, not seeing her, fell on the ground in a swoon.

(1) अन्तर्हिता भूत्वा = तिरोभूय – having disappeared

तिरोभूय is derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) preceded by the term ‘तिरस्’। ‘तिरस्’ gets the designation गति: here as per 1-4-71 तिरोऽन्तर्धौ – The term ‘तिरस्’ when denoting ‘disappearance/concealment’ gets the designation ‘गति’ provided it is used in conjunction with a verb.

Note: Besides accent considerations, the purpose of assigning the designation ‘गति’ is to facilitate compound formation prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः which in turn allows for the substitution ‘ल्यप्‌’ (in place of ‘क्त्वा’) prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ (in step 5.)

Note: Since the term ‘तिरस्’ has the designation ‘गति’ here it also gets the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः and hence the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।

(2) भू + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्त्वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same. In the present example the later action (having the same agent – ‘she’) is आसीत् (‘stayed.’)

(3) अलौकिक-विग्रह: –

तिरस् + भू + क्त्वा । By 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः – The indeclinable ‘कु’, terms having the designation ‘गति’ (ref. 1-4-60 गतिश्च etc) as well as the terms ‘प्र’ etc. (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) invariably compound with a syntactically related term and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।

Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of नित्यम् (invariably) comes down from the prior सूत्रम् 2-2-17 नित्यं क्रीडाजीविकयोः।

(4) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘तिरस्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 (which prescribes the compounding) the term कुगतिप्रादयः ends in the nominative case. Hence the term ‘तिरस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘तिरस् + भू क्त्वा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

(5) तिरस् + भू + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्‍ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6 नञ्)। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)

(6) तिरस् + भू + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.

(7) तिररुँ + भू + य । By 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः।

(8) तिर उ + भूय । By 6-1-114 हशि च।

(9) तिरोभूय । By 6-1-87 आद्‍गुणः।

‘तिरोभूय’ gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। This allows 2-4-82 to apply below.

(10) तिरोभूय + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(11) तिरोभूय । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 1-4-71 तिरोऽन्तर्धौ (used in step 1) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – अन्तर्धौ किम्? तिरो भूत्वा स्थित:। पार्श्वतो भूत्वेत्यर्थ:। Please explain.

2. Can you spot a नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses?

3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रिय’ (appearing in the form प्रिय: (पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-158 समानकर्तृकेषु तुमुन् been used in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form शापेन used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having concealed himself, Śrī Hanumān observed Sītā sitting at the base of an Aśoka tree.” Use the verbal root √लक्ष् (लक्षँ दर्शनाङ्कनयोः १०. ६) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’ for ‘to observe.’ Use the neuter noun ‘मूल’ for ‘base.’ Form a कर्मधारय: compound for ‘Aśoka tree’ = अशोकश्चासौ वृक्ष:।

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-73 यमरमनमातां सक् च been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the augment ‘उम्’ in the verses?