Today we will look at the form राज्ञः mGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.8.10.

एकदा सुरुचेः पुत्रमङ्कमारोप्य लालयन् । उत्तमं नारुरुक्षन्तं ध्रुवं राजाभ्यनन्दत ।। ४-८-९ ।।
तथा चिकीर्षमाणं तं सपत्न्यास्तनयं ध्रुवम् । सुरुचिः शृण्वतो राज्ञः सेर्ष्यमाहातिगर्विता ।। ४-८-१० ।।
न वत्स नृपतेर्धिष्ण्यं भवानारोढुमर्हति । न गृहीतो मया यत्त्वं कुक्षावपि नृपात्मजः ।। ४-८-११ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
तयोः प्रियाप्रियत्वे प्रपञ्चयन् ध्रुवचरित्रमाह पञ्चभिरध्यायैः । सुरुचेः पुत्रमुत्तमसंज्ञं लालयन् ।। ९ ।। तथा अङ्कारोहणं चिकीर्षमाणम् ।। १० ।। गर्वोक्तिमेवाह त्रिभिः – नेति । नृपतेर्धिष्ण्यमासनं नृपात्मजोऽपि भवान्नारोढुमर्हति ।। ११ ।।

Gita Press translation – On a certain day, while fondling Suruci’s son, prince Uttama, whom he had seated on his lap, the king (Uttānapāda) did not welcome Dhruva, who too sought to climb to his lap (9). To Dhruva, her co-wife’s son, thus striving, Suruci, who was exceedingly proud (of the king’s attentions), spitefully spoke (as follows), the king (quietly) listening :- (10) “O child, you are not fit to ascend the royal throne, in as much as, though sprung from the king’s loins, you were not conceived by me (11).

राज्ञः is षष्ठी-एकवचनम् of the पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राजन्’।

(1) राजन् + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the सूत्रम् 2-3-38 षष्ठी चानादरे – A sixth case also (in addition to a seventh case affix) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) which denotes the one (agent/object) whose action (the timing of which is known) gives an indication of (the timing of) another action, provided there is a sense of disrespect/disregard (‘in spite of.’)
Note: In this sense, the genitive absolute is used more often than the locative absolute.

In the present example, the प्रातिपदिकम् (‘राजन्’) which denotes the agent (the king) whose action of शृण्वतः (listening) gives an indication of another action (सुरुचिः आह – Suruci spoke) and there is a sense of disrespect/disregard. Hence the conditions for applying the सूत्रम् 2-3-38 षष्ठी चानादरे are satisfied and the प्रातिपदिकम् (‘राजन्’) takes a sixth case affix. (It could have also taken a seventh case affix.)

(2) राजन् + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘ङस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘राजन्’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् ।

(3) राज्न् + अस् । By 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः – There is an elision of the letter ‘अ’ of ‘अन्’ when
i) the ‘अन्’ belongs to a अङ्गम् and
ii) the ‘अन्’ is (immediately) followed by a ‘स्वादि’ affix (ref. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌) which is not सर्वनामस्थानम् and which either begins with the letter ‘य्’ or a vowel (अच्)।

(4) राज्न् + अ: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

(5) राज्ञः । By 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः – When the letter ‘स्’ or a letter of the त-वर्ग: (‘त्’, ‘थ्’, ‘द्’, ‘ध्’, ‘न्’) comes in contact with either the letter ‘श्’ or a letter of the च-वर्ग: (‘च्’, ‘छ्’, ‘ज्’, ‘झ्’, ‘ञ्’), then it is replaced respectively by ‘श्’, च-वर्ग: (‘च्’, ‘छ्’, ‘ज्’, ‘झ्’, ‘ञ्’)।

Questions:

1. The वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 2-3-38 षष्ठी चानादरे is – अनादराधिक्ये भावलक्षणे षष्ठीसप्तम्यौ स्त: । Commenting on this the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – केवलभावलक्षणे सप्तम्येव, अनादराधिक्ये तु षष्ठीसप्तम्याविति निष्कर्षः। Please explain.

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-16 अज्झनगमां सनि been used in the verses?

3. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘प्’ in the form आरोप्य?

4. From which verbal root is form गृहीत: (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘गृहीत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) derived?

5. Which कृत् affix is used to derive the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आसन’ (used in the form आसनम् (द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) in the commentary)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In spite of the father watching, the boy hit (his) brother.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-119 अच्च घेः been used in the verses?