Today we will look at the form प्रधने nLs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 6.11.5.

किं व उच्चरितैर्मातुर्धावद्भिः पृष्ठतो हतैः । न हि भीतवधः श्लाघ्यो न स्वर्ग्यः शूरमानिनाम् ।। ६-११-४ ।।
यदि वः प्रधने श्रद्धा सारं वा क्षुल्लका हृदि । अग्रे तिष्ठत मात्रं मे न चेद् ग्राम्यसुखे स्पृहा ।। ६-११-५ ।।
एवं सुरगणान्क्रुद्धो भीषयन्वपुषा रिपून् । व्यनदत् सुमहाप्राणो येन लोका विचेतसः ।। ६-११-६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तदेवाह द्वाभ्याम् । मातुरुच्चरितैः पुरीषप्रायैः । प्रथमान्तपाठे देवानां संबोधनम् । पृष्ठतो हतैर्दैत्यैः किम् । न किंचित् । न यशो नापि धर्मः । तदेवाह – नहीति ।। ४ ।। प्रधने संग्रामे । सारं धैर्यं हृदि चेत्तर्हि हे क्षुल्लकाः क्षुद्राः, मात्रं क्षणमात्रमग्रे तिष्ठत । न चेदिह लोकभोगे स्पृहास्ति ।। ५ ।। सुरगणान् । सुमहान्प्राणो बलं यस्य । येन विचेतसो बभूवुः ।। ६ ।।

Gita Press translation – “What will be gained by you through these fugitives – who are no better than the excreta of their mother – being struck from behind? Indeed the slaughter of the terror-stricken is neither praiseworthy nor conducive to heavenly enjoyment for those who account themselves as brave (4). If you are keen about fighting or if there is courage in your heart, O vile creatures, and (again) if there is no craving (in your heart) for sensuous enjoyments, stand but for a moment before me” (5). Thus threatening the host of gods, his enemies, by his (words as well as by his gigantic form) figure, and full of rage, Vṛtra, who was possessed of vast strength, roared in such a way that people fainted (to hear the sound) (6).

Verses 4 and 5 have previously appeared in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/05/21/श्रद्धा-fns/

प्रधने is सप्तमी-एकवचनम् of the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रधन’।

(1) प्रधन + ङि । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। As per the सूत्रम् 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् – That कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the agent/object – of an action subsisting in the agent/object is called अधिकरणम् (location.)
In the present example, ‘प्रधन’ is the कारकम् (participant in the action) which denotes the location/support – via the agent श्रद्धा – of the (implied) action अस्ति subsisting in the agent. Hence ‘प्रधन’ gets the designation अधिकरणम् (location.)
Note: औपश्‍लेषिको वैषयिकोऽभिव्‍यापकश्‍चेत्‍याधारस्‍त्रिधा – आधारः is of three kinds (i) औपश्‍लेषिक: involving contact or proximity (ii) वैषयिक: involving a subject matter (iii) अभिव्‍यापक: involving pervasion. By 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च – A seventh case affix (‘ङि’, ‘ओस्’, ‘सुप्’) is used to denote अधिकरणम् (location), provided it has not been expressed otherwise. The use of ‘च’ in the सूत्रम् tells us that a seventh case affix is also used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) having the sense of either ‘far’ or ‘near.’

(2) प्रधन + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) प्रधने । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

Questions:

1. Where has the combination of 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम् and 2-3-36 सप्तम्यधिकरणे च been used in verses 13-17 of Chapter 4 of the गीता?

2. In the verses can you spot another word (besides ‘प्रधन’) that has the designation आधार: (by the सूत्रम् 1-4-45 आधारोऽधिकरणम्) and the आधार: is वैषयिक:?

3. Which वार्तिकम् may we use in justifying the third case affix used in उच्चरितै:, धावद्भिः and हतैः?

4. Can you spot the affix ‘ण्यत्’ in the verses?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am well-versed in (the subject of) grammar.” Use the adjective ‘कुशल’ for ‘well-versed.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-111 ऋत उत्‌ been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?