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हरिणा mIs

Today we will look at the form हरिणा mIs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.1.40.

जज्ञाते तौ दितेः पुत्रौ दैत्यदानववन्दितौ । हिरण्यकशिपुर्ज्येष्ठो हिरण्याक्षोऽनुजस्ततः ।। ७-१-३९ ।।
हतो हिरण्यकशिपुर्हरिणा सिंहरूपिणा । हिरण्याक्षो धरोद्धारे बिभ्रता सौकरं वपुः ।। ७-१-४० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
धरोद्धारनिमित्ते तत्प्रतिघाती हतः ।। ४० ।।

Gita Press translation – They were born as Hiraṇyakaśipu and Hiraṇyākṣa (the two sons of Diti), the adored of the Daityas and the Dānavas (alike). Hiraṇyakaśipu was the elder; while Hiraṇyākṣa, the younger, was born afterwards (39). Hiraṇyakaśipu was slain by Śrī Hari, who had taken the form of a lion (Lord Nṛsiṁha); and Hiraṇyākṣa was killed by Him even as He assumed the body of a boar for the sake of lifting up the earth (from water) (40).

हरिणा is तृतीया-एकवचनम् of the पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हरि’।

(1) हरि + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। As per 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ – A sixth case affix (‘ङस्’, ‘ओस्’, ‘आम्’) is not used (to denote कर्ता (the doer) or कर्म (the object)) of an action denoted by any one of the following –
(i) (a word ending in a substitute in place of) the affix ‘ल्’ (लँट्, लिँट् etc.)
(ii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उ’ or an affix ending in ‘उ’
(iii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उक’
(iv) an indeclinable
(v) (a word ending in) a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा।)
(vi) (a word ending in) the affix ‘खल्’ or any affix having the same meaning as that of ‘खल्’
(vii) (a word ending in) an affix from the प्रत्याहार: ‘तृन्’ which is formed starting from ‘तृ’ in 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे down to 3-2-135 तृन्
हरिणा हिरण्यकशिपुर्हतः (Hiraṇyakaśipu was slain by Śrī Hari). ‘हत’ ends in the affix ‘क्त’ (prescribed by 3-2-102 निष्ठा।) The affix ‘क्त’ gets the designation निष्ठा by 1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा। Therefore the agent ‘हरि’ of the action (to slay) takes the third case affix ‘टा’ by the सूत्रम् 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया and not the sixth case affix ‘ङस्’ (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति)।

‘हरि’ gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि।

(2) हरि + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) हरिना । By 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् – Following a अङ्गम् having घि-सञ्ज्ञा, the affix ‘आङ्’ is replaced by ‘ना’, but not in the feminine gender. ‘आङ्’ is an ancient name for the (instrumental singular) affix ‘टा’।

(4) हरिणा । By 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ been used in verses 14-17 of Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?

3. Where has the affix ‘ड’ been used in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form बिभ्रता?

5. Derive the compound तत्प्रतिघाती (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तत्प्रतिघातिन्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) used in the commentary.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Rāvaṇa was slain by Śrī Rāma.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च been used in the verses?

2. Derive the form जज्ञाते from the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ been used in verses 14-17 of Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ has been used in the following verse in the form मया (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्मद्’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्)।

    असौ मया हतः शत्रुर्हनिष्ये चापरानपि |
    ईश्वरोऽहमहं भोगी सिद्धोऽहं बलवान्सुखी || 16-14||

    मया हतः। ‘हत’ ends in the affix ‘क्त’ (prescribed by 3-2-102 निष्ठा।) The affix ‘क्त’ gets the designation निष्ठा by 1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा। Therefore 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ prevents the agent ‘अस्मद्’ of the action (to slay) from taking a sixth case affix (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति)। Instead ‘अस्मद्’ takes the third case affix ‘टा’ by the सूत्रम् 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया to give the form मया।

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-37 अनुदात्तोपदेशवनतितनोत्यादीनामनुनासिकलोपो झलि क्ङिति has been used in the verses in the form हतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २).

    Please see answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हत’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/12/07/शुष्कैः-nip/#comment-10041

    3. Where has the affix ‘ड’ been used in the verses?
    Answer: The कृत् affix ‘ड’ has been used in the form अनुजः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अनुज’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।

    Please see answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अनुज’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2014/04/07/वैदेह्या-fis/#comment-35039

    4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form बिभ्रता?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-76 भृञामित् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form बिभ्रता (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बिभ्रत्’, पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √भृ (डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः ३. ६).

    भृ + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
    = भृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = भृ + शतृँ । By 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे। The verbal root √भृ is उभयपदी। Here as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् it has taken the परस्मैपदम् affix ‘शतृँ’।
    = भृ + अत् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = भृ + शप् + अत् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌।
    = भृ + अत् । By 2-4-75 जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः।
    = भृ भृ + अत् । By 6-1-10 श्लौ।
    = भिर् भृ + अत् । By 7-4-76 भृञामित् – When followed by ‘श्लु’, the ending letter of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) of √भृ (डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः #३. ६), √मा (माङ् माने शब्दे च #३. ७) and √हा (ओहाङ् गतौ #३.८) gets replaced by the letter ‘इ’। As per 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of the letter ‘ऋ’ if a अण् letter (‘अ’, ‘इ’, ‘उ’) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a ‘रँ’ (‘र्’, ‘ल्’) letter.
    = भि भृ + अत् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः।
    = भि भ्रत् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।
    = बिभ्रत् । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च।
    ‘बिभ्रत्’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

    The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्।
    बिभ्रत् + टा । By By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
    = बिभ्रत् + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = बिभ्रता ।

    5. Derive the compound तत्प्रतिघाती (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तत्प्रतिघातिन्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) used in the commentary.
    Answer: तम् (धरोद्धारम्) प्रतिहन्ति तच्छीलः = तत्प्रतिघाती।

    ‘घातिन्’ is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २).
    The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तत्प्रतिघातिन्’ is derived as follows:
    तत् + ङस् + प्रति हन् + णिनिँ । By 3-2-78 सुप्यजातौ णिनिस्ताच्छील्ये – When in composition with a सुबन्तं पदम् (a पदम् which ends in a सुँप् affix) which does not denote a class/genus, a verbal root may take the affix ‘णिनिँ’ to express the meaning of a habitual/natural action.
    Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-78, the term सुपि ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence ‘तत् + ङस्’ gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌।
    Note: The affix ‘ङस्’ is used here as per 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति। (This is what is called as कृद्योगे षष्ठी)।
    = तत् + ङस् + प्रति हन् + इन् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = तत् + ङस् + प्रति घन् + इन् । By 7-3-54 हो हन्तेर्ञ्णिन्नेषु।
    = तत् + ङस् + प्रति घत् + इन् । By 7-3-32 हनस्तोऽचिण्णलोः।
    = तत् + ङस् + प्रति घात् + इन् । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः।
    We form a compound between ‘तत् + ङस्’ (which is the उपपदम्) and ‘प्रतिघातिन्’ by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्। In the compound, ‘तत् + ङस्’ is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌। Note: Here ‘तत् + ङस्’ is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case ‘उपपदम्’) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation ‘उपसर्जन’।
    ‘तत् + ङस् + प्रतिघातिन्’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows us to apply 2-4-71 in the next step.
    = तत् + प्रतिघातिन् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
    = तत्प्रतिघातिन् ।

    The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
    तत्प्रतिघातिन् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
    = तत्प्रतिघातिन् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = तत्प्रतिघातीन् + स् । By 6-4-13 सौ च।
    = तत्प्रतिघातीन् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। Now ‘तत्प्रतिघातीन्’ gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows 8-2-7 to apply in the next step.
    = तत्प्रतिघाती । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Rāvaṇa was slain by Śrī Rāma.”
    Answer: श्रीरामेण रावणः हतः = श्रीरामेण रावणो हतः।

    Easy questions:
    1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च has been used in the verses in the form दितेः (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दिति’, षष्ठी-एकवचम्)।

    दिति + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘ङस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
    Note: ‘दिति’ has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि। This allows 7-3-111 to apply below.
    = दिति + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = दिते + अस् । By 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति। Note: As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, the गुण: substitution takes place for the ending letter (in this case the letter ‘इ’) of the अङ्गम्।
    = दितेस् । By 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च – In place of a preceding एङ् (‘ए’, ‘ओ’) letter and the following short ‘अ’ of the affix ‘ङसिँ’ or ‘ङस्’, there is a single substitute of the former (एङ् letter.)
    = दितेः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

    2. Derive the form जज्ञाते from the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).
    Answer: Please see the following post for derivation of the form जज्ञाते – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/08/जज्ञाते-3ad-लिँट्/

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