Today we will look at the form पृथुश्रवसः mGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.23.33.
चतुर्दशमहारत्नश्चक्रवर्त्यपराजितः । तस्य पत्नीसहस्राणां दशानां सुमहायशाः ।। ९-२३-३२ ।।
दशलक्षसहस्राणि पुत्राणां तास्वजीजनत् । तेषां तु षट्प्रधानानां पृथुश्रवस आत्मजः ।। ९-२३-३३ ।।
धर्मो नामोशना तस्य हयमेधशतस्य याट् । तत्सुतो रुचकस्तस्य पञ्चासन्नात्मजाः शृणु ।। ९-२३-३४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
चतुर्दशमहारत्नानि तत्तज्जातिश्रेष्ठानि यस्य सः । तानि च मार्कण्डेयपुराणे वर्णितानि – ‘गजवाजिरथस्त्रीषुनिधिमाल्याम्बरद्रुमाः ।। शक्तिपाशमणिच्छत्रविमानानि चतुर्दश ।।’ इति । दशानां पत्नीसहस्राणां भार्यायुतस्य प्रत्येकं लक्षं लक्षमित्येवं तासु पुत्राणां दशलक्षसहस्राणि जनयामास ।। ३२ ।। पृथुश्रवाः पृथुकीर्तिः पृथुयशा इत्यादयः षट्प्रधानाः श्रेष्ठा येषां तेषां मध्ये ।। ३३ ।। पञ्च आत्मजा आसंस्तान् शृणु ।। ३४ ।।
Gita Press translation – He was possessed of (all) the fourteen varieties of excellent jewels, ruled over the entire globe and was invincible. Through his ten thousand wives that exceedingly renowned emperor begot a thousand million sons (a lakh through each). Of those (thousand million) sons, of whom six (viz., Pṛthuśravā and others) were the foremost, the son of Pṛthuśravā was Dharma by name, whose son was Uśanā, who performed a hundred horse-sacrifices. His son was Rucaka, who had five sons. (Please) hear of them (32-34).
पृथुश्रवसः is पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पृथुश्रवस्’।
(1) पृथुश्रवस् + ङस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the 2-3-50 षष्ठी शेषे – A sixth case affix (‘ङस्’, ‘ओस्’, ‘आम्’) is used in the remaining sense, which is that of a syntactic relation – for example the relation between the owner and the owned – which is other than that expressed by a कारकम् (a participant in the action) and that of (only) the meaning of the प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem.)
Note: It is the qualifier (विशेषणम्) which takes the sixth case affix, and not the one qualified (विशेष्यम्)।
In the present example, the sixth case affix in पृथुश्रवसः expresses जन्यजनकभावसम्बन्ध: – the relationship between the begotten (‘आत्मज’) and the begetter (‘पृथुश्रवस्’)। ‘आत्मज’ (the son) is being qualified by his relation to ‘पृथुश्रवस्’ (Pṛthuśravā, the father) and hence ‘पृथुश्रवस्’ takes the sixth case affix.
(2) पृथुश्रवस् + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘ङस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(3) पृथुश्रवसः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Where has a sixth case affix been used to express जन्यजनकभावसम्बन्ध: in verses 20-30 of Chapter Eleven of the गीता?
2. Can you spot the affix ‘ड’ in the verses?
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-94 दीर्घो लघोः been used in the verses?
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निधि’ (used in the compound गजवाजिरथस्त्रीषुनिधिमाल्याम्बरद्रुमाः in the commentary)?
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the affix णिच् in the form वर्णितानि used in the commentary?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Among the four sons of king Daśaratha, Śrī Rāma was the eldest.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ज्येष्ठ’ for ‘eldest.’
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अनँङ्’ in the form उशना?
2. Where has the गण-सूत्रम् – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च been used in the commentary?
1. Where has a sixth case affix been used to express जन्यजनकभावसम्बन्ध: in verses 20-30 of Chapter Eleven of the गीता?
Answer: A sixth case affix been used to express जन्यजनकभावसम्बन्ध: in the form धृतराष्ट्रस्य (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धृतराष्ट्र’, षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) in the following verse of Chapter Eleven of the गीता –
अमी च त्वां धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्राः सर्वे सहैवावनिपालसङ्घैः |
भीष्मो द्रोणः सूतपुत्रस्तथासौ सहास्मदीयैरपि योधमुख्यैः || 11-26 ||
The sixth case affix in धृतराष्ट्रस्य expresses जन्यजनकभावसम्बन्ध: – the relationship between the son (‘पुत्र’) and the begetter (‘धृतराष्ट्र’)। ‘पुत्र’ (son) is being qualified by his relation to ‘धृतराष्ट्र’ (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the father) and hence ‘धृतराष्ट्र’ takes the sixth case affix.
2. Can you spot the affix ‘ड’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ‘ड’ occurs in the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आत्मज’ used in the forms आत्मजः (पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) and आत्मजाः (पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्)।
Please see the following post for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आत्मज’ –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/11/15/आत्मजः-mns/
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-94 दीर्घो लघोः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-4-94 दीर्घो लघोः has been used in the verses in the form अजीजनत् – derived from a causative form of the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of अजीजनत् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/16/अजीजनत्-3as-लुँङ्/
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निधि’ (used in the compound गजवाजिरथस्त्रीषुनिधिमाल्याम्बरद्रुमाः in the commentary)?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘कि’ is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘निधि’ – derived from the verbal root √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके #३. ११) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘नि’।
निधीयतेऽत्र = निधि: – that in which something is placed = store-house
नि धा + कि । By 3-3-92 उपसर्गे घोः किः – Following a verbal root which has the designation ‘घु’ (ref. 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप्) and is in conjunction with a उपसर्ग:, the affix ‘कि’ may be used to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
Note: In the present example the affix denotes the अधिकरणम्।
= नि धा + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= नि ध् + इ । By 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च।
= निधि । ‘निधि’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: Words ending in the affix ‘कि’ derived using the सूत्रम् 3-3-92 are used in the masculine gender.
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the elision of the affix णिच् in the form वर्णितानि used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-52 निष्ठायां सेटि prescribes the elision of the affix णिच् in the form वर्णितानि (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वर्णित’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √वर्ण (वर्ण वर्णक्रियाविस्तारगुणवचनेषु # १०. ४८४). The ending letter ‘अ’ of ‘वर्ण’ is not a अनुनासिक: and hence does not get the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्।
वर्ण + णिच् । By 3-1-25 सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्। ‘णिच्’ gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 6-4-48 to apply in the next step.
= वर्ण् + णिच् । By 6-4-48 अतो लोपः।
= वर्ण् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वर्णि । ‘वर्णि’ gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
वर्णि + क्त । By 3-2-102 निष्ठा, 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः।
= वर्णि + त । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वर्णि + इट् त । By 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
= वर्णि + इ त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वर्ण् + इत । By 6-4-52 निष्ठायां सेटि – The affix ‘णि’ is elided when followed by a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26) which has taken the augment ‘इट्’।
= वर्णित । ‘वर्णित’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। It is an adjective which declines like वन-शब्दः in the neuter gender. प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् is वर्णितानि।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Among the four sons of king Daśaratha, Śrī Rāma was the eldest.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ज्येष्ठ’ for ‘eldest.’
Answer: राज्ञः दशरथस्य चतुर्षु पुत्रेषु श्रीरामः ज्येष्ठः बभूव = राज्ञो दशरथस्य चतुर्षु पुत्रेषु श्रीरामो ज्येष्ठो बभूव।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अनँङ्’ in the form उशना?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-94 ऋदुशनस्पुरुदंसोऽनेहसां च prescribes the substitution ‘अनँङ्’ in the form उशना (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उशनस्’ , प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)।
Please refer to the following post for the derivation of the form उशना – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/02/22/उशना-mns/
2. Where has the गण-सूत्रम् – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च been used in the commentary?
Answer: The गण-सूत्रम् – जनीजॄष्क्नसुरञ्जोऽमन्ताश्च has been used in the form जनयामास – derived from the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४).
Please refer to answer to question 5 in the following post for derivation of the form जनयामास – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/05/16/अजीजनत्-3as-लुँङ्/#comment-3734