Today we will look at the form मासेन mIs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.31.3.
मासेन तु शिरो द्वाभ्यां बाह्वङ्घ्र्याद्यङ्गविग्रहः । नखलोमास्थिचर्माणि लिङ्गच्छिद्रोद्भवस्त्रिभिः ।। ३-३१-३ ।।
चतुर्भिर्धातवः सप्त पञ्चभिः क्षुत्तृडुद्भवः । षड्भिर्जरायुणा वीतः कुक्षौ भ्राम्यति दक्षिणे ।। ३-३१-४ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
बाह्वङ्घ्र्यादीनामङ्गानां विग्रहो विभागः । लिङ्गं च छिद्राणि च तेषामुद्भवः ।। ३ ।। जरायुणा गर्भवेष्टनेन वीतः प्रावृतः ।। ४ ।।
Gita Press translation – In the course of a month a head is formed and the end of two months hands, feet and other limbs take shape. By the end of three months the nails (of fingers and toes), the hair on the body (those of eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth and anus) (3). In as many as four months the seven essential ingredients of the body (viz., chyle, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow and semen) come into being; while at the end of five months hunger and thirst make themselves felt. In the course of six months the fetus is enclosed by an amnion and begins to move in the right side of the abdomen (or in the left if it is a female) (4).
मासेन is तृतीया-एकवचनम् of the पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मास’।
(1) मास + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) denoting (measure of) time or (measure of) path/road when there is continuous connection with an action and completion of the action (i.e. attainment of the result) is meant.
See question 2.
(2) मास + इन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 7-1-12 टाङसिँङसामिनात्स्या: – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’।
(3) मासेन । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।
Questions:
1. Where else (besides in मासेन) has the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया been used in the verses?
2. The third case affix prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया is a अपवाद: (exception) to which case affix prescribed by which सूत्रम्?
3. After quoting the example अह्ना क्रोशेन वानुवाकोऽधीत: on the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी makes the comment – अपवर्गे किम्? मासमधीतो नायात:। Please explain this comment.
4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix अप् to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उद्भव’ (used as part of the compound क्षुत्तृडुद्भवः in the verses)?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I will be back in a second.” Use the verbal root √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’ for ‘to come back.’
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Over the course of five years, we will complete the study of grammar.” Paraphrase to “Over the course of five years, we will take the study of grammar to completion.”
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the दीर्घादेश: (elongation) in the form भ्राम्यति?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in the verses?
1. Where else (besides in मासेन) has the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया has also been used in the verses to derive the following forms – द्वाभ्याम् (मासाभ्याम्), त्रिभिः (मासैः), चतुर्भिः (मासैः), पञ्चभिः (मासैः), षड्भिः (मासैः)।
2. The third case affix prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया is a अपवाद: (exception) to which case affix prescribed by which सूत्रम्?
Answer: The third case affix prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to the second case affix prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 2-3-5 कालाध्वनोरत्यन्तसंयोगे।
3. After quoting the example अह्ना क्रोशेन वानुवाकोऽधीत: on the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी makes the comment – अपवर्गे किम्? मासमधीतो नायात:। Please explain this comment.
Answer: To understand the importance of the condition अपवर्गे (when completion of the action – i.e. attainment of the result – is meant) in the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया consider the example मासमधीतो नायात:। An Anuvāka (section of the Veda) was continuously studied for one month but the study was incomplete. (The student did not master the Anuvāka.) Since the action of studying is not complete (there has been no attainment of the result) the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 does not apply here – ‘मास’ does not take a third case affix. In the absence of the condition अपवर्गे, in this example ‘मास’ would have taken a third case affix which would have been undesirable.
4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix अप् to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उद्भव’ (used as part of the compound क्षुत्तृडुद्भवः in the verses)?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-3-57 ॠदोरप् prescribes the affix अप् to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उद्भव’ – from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘उद्’ as follows:
उद् भू + अप् । By 3-3-57 ॠदोरप् – The affix अप् may be used following a verbal root ending in the letter ‘ॠ’ or a उवर्ण: (letter ‘उ’ or ‘ऊ’) to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
= उद् भू + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= उद् भो + अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।
= उद्भव । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।
‘उद्भव’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: As per 3-3-24 श्रिणीभुवोऽनुपसर्गे – The affix घञ् may be used following the verbal root √श्रि (श्रिञ् सेवायाम् १. १०४४) or √नी (णीञ् प्रापणे १. १०४९) or √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) – provided any one of these verbal roots is not in conjunction with a उपसर्ग: – to denote either (i) the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or (ii) any कारक: except the agent of the action, provided the word so derived is a proper name.
Here in the above example the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) is in conjunction with a उपसर्ग:। Therefore 3-3-24 does not apply.
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I will be back in a second.” Use the verbal root √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’ for ‘to come back.’
Answer: क्षणेन निवर्तिष्ये ।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Over the course of five years, we will complete the study of grammar.” Paraphrase to “Over the course of five years, we will take the study of grammar to completion.”
Answer: पञ्चभिः संवत्सरैः व्याकारणस्य अध्ययनम् परिसमाप्तिम् नेष्यामः = पञ्चभिः संवत्सरैर्व्याकारणस्याध्ययनं परिसमाप्तिं नेष्यामः ।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the दीर्घादेश: (elongation) in the form भ्राम्यति?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-74 शमामष्टानां दीर्घः श्यनि prescribes the दीर्घादेश: in the form भ्राम्यति – derived from the verbal root √भ्रम् (भ्रमुँ अनवस्थाने ४. १०२).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of भ्राम्यति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/09/ईयतु-3ad-लिँट्/#comment-3287
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च has been used in the form द्वाभ्याम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘द्वि’, पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-द्विवचनम्)।
Please refer to answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for derivation of the form द्वाभ्याम् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/01/08/स्थास्नुः-mns/#comment-14487