Today we will look at the form मासेन mIs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.31.3.

मासेन तु शिरो द्वाभ्यां बाह्वङ्घ्र्याद्यङ्गविग्रहः । नखलोमास्थिचर्माणि लिङ्गच्छिद्रोद्भवस्त्रिभिः ।। ३-३१-३ ।।
चतुर्भिर्धातवः सप्त पञ्चभिः क्षुत्तृडुद्भवः । षड्भिर्जरायुणा वीतः कुक्षौ भ्राम्यति दक्षिणे ।। ३-३१-४ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
बाह्वङ्घ्र्यादीनामङ्गानां विग्रहो विभागः । लिङ्गं च छिद्राणि च तेषामुद्भवः ।। ३ ।। जरायुणा गर्भवेष्टनेन वीतः प्रावृतः ।। ४ ।।

Gita Press translation – In the course of a month a head is formed and the end of two months hands, feet and other limbs take shape. By the end of three months the nails (of fingers and toes), the hair on the body (those of eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth and anus) (3). In as many as four months the seven essential ingredients of the body (viz., chyle, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow and semen) come into being; while at the end of five months hunger and thirst make themselves felt. In the course of six months the fetus is enclosed by an amnion and begins to move in the right side of the abdomen (or in the left if it is a female) (4).

मासेन is तृतीया-एकवचनम् of the पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मास’।

(1) मास + टा । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) denoting (measure of) time or (measure of) path/road when there is continuous connection with an action and completion of the action (i.e. attainment of the result) is meant.

See question 2.

(2) मास + इन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 7-1-12 टाङसिँङसामिनात्स्या: – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’।

(3) मासेन । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

Questions:

1. Where else (besides in मासेन) has the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया been used in the verses?

2. The third case affix prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया is a अपवाद: (exception) to which case affix prescribed by which सूत्रम्?

3. After quoting the example अह्ना क्रोशेन वानुवाकोऽधीत: on the सूत्रम् 2-3-6 अपवर्गे तृतीया the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी makes the comment – अपवर्गे किम्? मासमधीतो नायात:। Please explain this comment.

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix अप् to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उद्भव’ (used as part of the compound क्षुत्तृडुद्भवः in the verses)?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I will be back in a second.” Use the verbal root √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’ for ‘to come back.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Over the course of five years, we will complete the study of grammar.” Paraphrase to “Over the course of five years, we will take the study of grammar to completion.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the दीर्घादेश: (elongation) in the form भ्राम्यति?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in the verses?