Today we will look at the form बलाहकः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.55.26.
अन्तःपुरवरं राजन्ललनाशतसङ्कुलम् । विवेश पत्न्या गगनाद्विद्युतेव बलाहकः ।। १०-५५-२६ ।।
तं दृष्ट्वा जलदश्यामं पीतकौशेयवाससम् । प्रलम्बबाहुं ताम्राक्षं सुस्मितं रुचिराननम् ।। १०-५५-२७ ।।
स्वलङ्कृतमुखाम्भोजं नीलवक्रालकालिभिः । कृष्णं मत्वा स्त्रियो ह्रीता निलिल्युस्तत्र तत्र ह ।। १०-५५-२८ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
विद्युता सह बलाहको मेघ इव ।। २६ ।। २७ ।। नीलाश्च वक्राश्च येऽलकास्त एवालयस्तैः । ह्रीता लज्जिताः ।। २८ ।।
Gita Press translation – Like a cloud attended with lightning, Pradyumna descended with his spouse from the sky into the magnificent gynaeceum crowded with hundred of ladies (26). Seeing him, sombre as a cloud and clad in yellow silk, with exceptionally long arms and reddish eyes, wearing a winsome smile and a charming countenance, his lotus-like face graced with locks of dark-blue curly hair, and thinking him to be Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the ladies, so the story goes, hid themselves wherever they could out of bashfulness (27-28).
(1) वारिणो वाहक: = बलाहक: – a cloud (carrier of water.)
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) वारि ङस् + वाहक सुँ । By 2-2-8 षष्ठी – A पदम् ending in a sixth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् ending in a सुँप् affix and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
By the सूत्रम् 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – ‘वारि ङस्’ (which ends in a sixth case affix) gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-8 षष्ठी (which prescribes the compounding) the term षष्ठी ends in the nominative case.
And hence as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् the term ‘वारि ङस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound. Note: ‘वारि ङस् + वाहक सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च । This allows the सूत्रम् 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(3) वारि + वाहक । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(4) बलाहक । As per 6-3-109 पृषोदरादीनि यथोपदिष्टम् – The forms such as ‘पृषोदर’ etc (which contain irregular operations – like an elision or an augment or a transformation of a letter – not prescribed by any rule) are to be taken as valid forms as they are used by the scholars.
The पृषोदरादि-गण: is listed in the गण-पाठ: as follows – ‘पृषोदर’, ‘पृषोत्थान’, ‘बलाहक‘, ‘जीमूत’, ‘श्मशान’, ‘उलूखल’, ‘पिशाच’, ‘बृसी’, ‘मयूर’।
6-3-109 is used to justify the ad hoc substitution of ‘ब’ in place of the entire पूर्वपदम् ‘वारि’ and of the letter ‘ल्’ in place of the initial letter ‘व्’ of the उत्तरपदम् ‘वाहक’ in order to arrive at the final compound form ‘बलाहक’ listed in the पृषोदरादि-गण:।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बलाहक’ is masculine since the latter member ‘वाहक’ (which after the application of 6-3-109 becomes ‘लाहक’) of the compound is used here in the masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
(5) बलाहक + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) बलाहक + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(7) बलाहक: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. Which compound in the verses has been composed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः?
2. What type of compound is रुचिराननम् as used in the verses?
i. कर्मधारय:
ii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. द्वन्द्व:
3. What is the विग्रह: of the compound सुस्मितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुस्मित’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the words पत्न्या and विद्युता used in the verses?
5. Can you spot the समासान्त: affix षच् in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Without clouds lightning cannot occur.” Use the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) with the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’ for ‘to occur.’
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the substitution णल् (in place of the affix तिप्) been used?
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य been used in the verses?
1. Which compound in the verses has been composed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः?
Answer: The compound जलदश्यामम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ’जलदश्याम’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)has been composed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः।
The लौकिक-विग्रह: is –
जलद इव श्यामः = जलदश्यामः – sombre as a cloud
Note: Here the purpose of using the term ‘इव’ (‘like’) in the लौकिक-विग्रह: is to indicate that the prior member (‘जलद’) of the compound denotes ‘जलदसदृश’ (‘like a cloud.’)
The अलौकिक-विग्रह: is –
जलद सुँ + श्याम सुँ । As per 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः।
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’जलदश्याम’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’मेघश्याम’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/06/08/मेघश्यामः-mns
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘जलदश्याम’ is masculine since the latter member ‘श्याम’ of the compound (which is qualifying Pradyumna), is used here in the masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is जलदश्यामम्।
Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ’जलद’ is derived using the कृत् affix ‘क’।
जलं ददाति = जलदः।
The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ’जलद’ is similar to the derivation of the form ‘धनद’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/08/धनदम्-mas
2. What type of compound is रुचिराननम् as used in the verses?
i. कर्मधारय:
ii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. द्वन्द्व:
Answer: The compound रुचिराननम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रुचिरानन’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) is बहुव्रीहि:।
The लौकिक-विग्रह: is –
रुचिराननं यस्य सः = रुचिराननः – one who has a charming countenance
The अलौकिक-विग्रह: is –
रुचिर सुँ + आनन सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
The adjective ‘रुचिर सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘रुचिर सुँ + आनन सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= रुचिर + आनन । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= रुचिरानन। By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example Pradyumna is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रुचिरानन’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is रुचिराननम्।
3. What is the विग्रह: of the compound सुस्मितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुस्मित’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The विग्रह: of the compound सुस्मितम् is –
सु (शोभनं) स्मितं यस्य सः = सुस्मितः – one who wears a winsome smile
सु + स्मित सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
The adjective ‘सु’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘सु + स्मित सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= सु + स्मित । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= सुस्मित ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example Pradyumna is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुस्मित’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is सुस्मितम्।
4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the words पत्न्या and विद्युता used in the verses?
Answer: The use of a third case affix in the forms पत्न्या (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’पत्नी’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) and विद्युता (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’विद्युत्’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) co-occurring with सह or a synonym of सह, provided the प्रातिपदिकम् does not denote the primary (agent.)
Note: विनापि तद्योगं तृतीया। ‘1-2-65 वृद्धो यूना तल्लक्षणश्चेदेव विशेषः’ इति निर्देशात्। The third case affix may be used even without explicit connection with सह because पाणिनि: has himself used it in the word यूना in the सूत्रम् 1-2-65 which does not explicitly contain the word सह।
Hence in the present example, the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने assigns a third case affix to give the forms पत्न्या and विद्युता even though there is only an implicit connection with सह, as stated in the commentary.
5. Can you spot the समासान्त: affix षच् in the verses?
Answer: The समासान्त: affix षच् occurs in the form ताम्राक्षम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ताम्राक्ष’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
ताम्रे अक्षिणी यस्य सः = ताम्राक्षः – one who has reddish eyes.
The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’ताम्राक्ष’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विशालाक्ष’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/12/17/विशालाक्षी-fns
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example Pradyumna is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ताम्राक्ष’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is ताम्राक्षम्।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Without clouds lightning cannot occur.” Use the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) with the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’ for ‘to occur.’
Answer: बलाहकान्/बलाहकैः/बलाहकेभ्यः विना विद्युत् न सम्भवति = बलाहकान्/बलाहकैर्/बलाहकेभ्यो विना विद्युन्न सम्भवति।
Easy questions:
1. In which word in the verses has the substitution णल् (in place of the affix तिप्) been used?
Answer: The substitution णल् (in place of the affix तिप्) has been used in the form विवेश – derived from the verbal root √विश् (विशँ प्रवेशने ६. १६०).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form विवेश – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/09/20/कृत्यम्-nas/#comment-4501
2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य has been used in the form निलिल्युः – derived from the verbal root √ली (ली श्लेषणे ९.३६).
The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।
ली + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्।
= ली + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= ली + झि । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्।
= ली + उस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्। Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘उस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
= ली ली + उस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य। Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, we apply 6-1-8 before considering a substitution in place of the letter ‘ई’ of the अङ्गम् ‘ली’।
= लि ली + उस् । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः।
= लिल्युस् । By 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य – If an affix beginning with a अच् (vowel) follows, then the (ending letter of the) अङ्गम् is replaced by a यण् letter in the following situation – If the अङ्गम् is अनेकाच् (has more than one vowel) and ends in a धातु: which ends in the इवर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or letter ‘ई’) and there is no conjunct consonant belonging to the धातु: prior to the इवर्ण:।
Note: 6-1-77 इको यणचि would not have worked here, because it is overruled by 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ।
= लिल्युः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
’नि’ is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
नि + लिल्युः = निलिल्युः ।