Today we will look at the form द्यावापृथिव्योः fGd from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.22.6.
अथ स एष आत्मा लोकानां द्यावापृथिव्योरन्तरेण नभोवलयस्य कालचक्रगतो द्वादश मासान्भुङ्क्ते राशिसंज्ञान्संवत्सरावयवान्मासः पक्षद्वयं दिवा नक्तं चेति सपादर्क्षद्वयमुपदिशन्ति यावता षष्ठमंशं भुञ्जीत स वै ऋतुरित्युपदिश्यते संवत्सरावयवः ।। ५-२२-५ ।। अथ च यावतार्धेन नभोवीथ्यां प्रचरति तं कालमयनमाचक्षते ।। ५-२२-६ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
स एव स्वगत्या मासादिव्यवहारकारणमित्याह । स एष लोकानामात्मा । द्यावापृथिव्योरन्तरेण मध्ये यन्नभोवलयमन्तरिक्षं तस्य मध्ये यत्कालचक्रं तद्गतः । राशिभिर्मेषादिभिः संज्ञा येषाम् । चैत्रादिसंज्ञास्तु चान्द्रमासानाम् । मासमाह । पक्षद्वयं मास इति चान्द्रेण मानेन । सपादं महानक्षत्रद्वयं सौरेण, दिवानक्तं चाहोरात्रमिति पित्र्येण । षष्ठमंशं राशिद्वयम् ।। ५ ।। ६ ।।
Gita Press translation – Now, entering (in the form of the sun) the wheel of Time (as symbolized by the stellar sphere) existing in the firmament between heaven and earth, the same Lord who is the soul of all living beings passes through twelve months, the (twelve) parts of a year, known by the names of the (twelve) signs of the zodiac (Meṣa, Vṛṣa and so on). The learned declare that a month is equivalent to a couple of fortnights (one bright and the other dark, according to the lunar calendar), a day and night (in the eye of the manes) and the period taken in traversing two constellations and a quarter (from the point of the sun). And the fraction of a year in which He (the sun-god) covers the sixth part (of His orbit) is called a Ṛtu (season) (5). And, again, they refer to the (duration of) time in which He traverses one-half of His passage through the heavens as an Ayana (a half-year) (6).
(1) द्यौश्च पृथिवी च = द्यावापृथिव्यौ – Heaven and earth.
(2) दिव् सुँ + पृथिवी सुँ । By 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।
(3) दिव् सुँ + पृथिवी सुँ । ‘दिव्’ has one syllable while ‘पृथिवी’ has three syllables. Therefore ‘दिव्’ is placed in the prior position in this द्वन्द्व: compound as per 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम् – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term having the least number of syllables (vowels) is placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘दिव् सुँ + पृथिवी सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) दिव् + पृथिवी । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) द्यावापृथिवी । By 6-3-30 दिवसश्च पृथिव्याम् – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term ‘दिव्’ takes the substitution ‘दिवस्’ as well as ‘द्यावा’ when followed by ‘पृथिवी’ as the final term of the compound. As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य, the entire term ‘दिव्’ is replaced by ‘द्यावा’।
See question 1.
As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘द्यावापृथिवी’ is feminine since the final member ‘पृथिवी’ of the compound is feminine. This द्वन्द्वः compound (which expresses इतरेतरयोगः) is dual in number because it has two members. It declines like नदी-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is षष्ठी ।
(6) द्यावापृथिवी + ओस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘ओस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(7) द्यावापृथिव्योस् । By 6-1-77 इको यणचि।
(8) द्यावापृथिव्यो: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।
Questions:
1. What is the alternate form of the compound ‘द्यावापृथिवी’?
2. In which Chapter of the Geeta has the compound द्यावापृथिव्यो: been used?
3. Can you spot a द्वितीया-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses?
4. Which word in the verses is formed using the affix ल्युट्?
5. What is the विग्रह: of the compound राशिसंज्ञान् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राशिसंज्ञ’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The Sun illumines both heaven and earth.” Use a causative form of the verbal root √काश् (काशृँ दीप्तौ १. ७३४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘प्र’ for ‘to illumine.’
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot the augment सीयुट् in the verses?
2. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः been used?
1. What is the alternate form of the compound ‘द्यावापृथिवी’?
Answer: The alternate form of the compound ‘द्यावापृथिवी’ is ‘दिवस्पृथिवी’।
As per the सूत्रम् 6-3-30 दिवसश्च पृथिव्याम् – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term ‘दिव्’ takes the substitution ‘दिवस्’ as well as ‘द्यावा’ when followed by ‘पृथिवी’ as the final term of the compound. As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य, the entire term ‘दिव्’ is replaced by ‘दिवस्’।
Note: आदेशेऽकारोच्चारणं सकारस्य रुत्वं मा भूदित्येतदर्थम् – the use of the letter ‘अ’ at the end of ‘दिवस’ (in the सूत्रम् 6-3-30 दिवसश्च पृथिव्याम्) tells us that the ending letter ‘स्’ of the substitution ‘दिवस्’ does not take the substitution ‘रुँ’ which would have been done by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः।
2. In which Chapter of the Geeta has the compound द्यावापृथिव्यो: been used?
Answer: The compound द्यावापृथिव्यो: (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’द्यावापृथिवी’, षष्ठी-द्विवचनम्) has been used in Chapter Eleven of the गीता in the following verse –
द्यावापृथिव्योरिदमन्तरं हि व्याप्तं त्वयैकेन दिशश्च सर्वाः ।
दृष्ट्वाद्भुतं रूपमुग्रं तवेदं लोकत्रयं प्रव्यथितं महात्मन् ॥ 11-20 ॥
3. Can you spot a द्वितीया-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses?
Answer: The compound कालचक्रगतः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कालचक्रगत’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is a द्वितीया-तत्पुरुष:।
The लौकिक-विग्रह: is
कालचक्रं गतः = कालचक्रगतः – resorted to the wheel of Time. Note: The compound कालचक्रगतः is an adjective qualifying आत्मा (सूर्य:)।
Derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कालचक्रगत’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देहगत’ as shown in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/01/19/देहगतः-mns/
Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ’कालचक्र’ itself is a षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः compound, explained as –
कालस्य चक्रम् = कालचक्रम् – wheel of Time
4. Which word in the verses is formed using the affix ल्युट्?
Answer: The affix ’ल्युट्’ has been used in the form अयनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ’अयन’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √अय् (अयँ गतौ १.५४६, अयँ गतौ १.१०३१).
अय् + ल्युट् । By 3-3-115 ल्युट् च – (In addition to the affix ‘क्त’ prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 3-3-114) the affix ल्युट् may also be used following a verbal root to denote in the neuter gender the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state.
= अय् + यु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= अय् + अन । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= अयन ।
‘अयन’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। It declines like वन-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is अयनम्।
5. What is the विग्रह: of the compound राशिसंज्ञान् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राशिसंज्ञ’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The विग्रह: of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राशिसंज्ञ’ is –
राशिभिः (मेषादिभिः) संज्ञा येषां ते = राशिसंज्ञाः (मासा:) – those (months) whose names are (known) by the names of the (twelve) signs of the zodiac (Meṣa, Vṛṣa and so on)
The अलौकिक-विग्रह: is –
राशि भिस् + संज्ञा सुँ । The पदम् ‘राशि भिस्’ which ends in the third case is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ (by extension.)
Note: We cannot use the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे to justify the formation of this बहुव्रीहि: compound because that सूत्रम् only prescribes compounding of terms (having the designation पदम् and) ending in the nominative case. अत एव ज्ञापकाद्व्यधिकरणपदो बहुव्रीहिः – But the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 itself serves as an indication (ज्ञापकम्) that a बहुव्रीहिः compound may be formed using terms that do not have समानाधिकरणम् (same locus) and hence do not all end in the nominative case. Otherwise – if व्यधिकरणपदो बहुव्रीहिः were not allowed – there would be no point in mentioning ‘सप्तमी’ in the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘राशि भिस् + संज्ञा सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= राशिसंज्ञा। By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= राशिसंज्ञ। By 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य। Note: सर्वोपसर्जनो बहुव्रीहिः – In a बहुव्रीहिः compound, all the members have the designation उपसर्जनम्। This allows 1-2-48 to apply here.
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example राशिसंज्ञान् is qualifying the masculine noun मासान्। Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’राशिसंज्ञ’। It declines like राम-शब्द:। द्वितीया-बहुवचनम् is राशिसंज्ञान्।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The Sun illumines both heaven and earth.” Use a causative form of the verbal root √काश् (काशृँ दीप्तौ १. ७३४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘प्र’ for ‘to illumine.’
Answer: सूर्य: उभे द्यावापृथिव्यौ प्रकाशयति = सूर्य उभे द्यावापृथिव्यौ प्रकाशयति।
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot the augment सीयुट् in the verses?
Answer: The augment सीयुट् occurs in the form भुञ्जीत – derived from the verbal root √भुज् (भुजँ पालनाभ्यवहारयोः ७. १७).
Please see the answer to easy question 2 in the following comment for the derivation of the form भुञ्जीत – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/04/23/स्वप्नात्-m-ab-s/#comment-20286
2. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः has been used in the form आचक्षते – derived from the verbal root √चक्ष् (चक्षिँङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि । अयं दर्शनेऽपि २. ७).
Please see the answer to question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of the form चक्षते –
https://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/08/13/शेते-3as-लँट्/#comment-1264
’आङ्’ is the उपसर्ग: (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
आङ् + चक्षते = आचक्षते। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।