Today we will look at the form सहभर्तृकाः  fNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.84.46.

तन्महिष्यश्च मुदिता निष्ककण्ठ्यः सुवाससः । दीक्षाशालामुपाजग्मुरालिप्ता वस्तुपाणयः ।। १०-८४-४५ ।।
नेदुर्मृदङ्गपटहशङ्खभेर्यानकादयः । ननृतुर्नटनर्तक्यस्तुष्टुवुः सूतमागधाः । जगुः सुकण्ठ्यो गन्धर्व्यः सङ्गीतं सहभर्तृकाः ।। १०-८४-४६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
आलिप्ताः कुङ्‍कुमादिभिः । वस्तुपाणयो गृहीतार्हणहस्ताः ।। ४५ ।।

Gita Press translation – The consorts of Vasudeva too adorned themselves with gold necklaces and besmeared their bodies with sandal-paste and, clad in their best attire, joyously entered the sacrificial hall with offerings in their hands (45). Clay tom-toms, tabors, conchs, drums, kettledrums and other musical instruments were sounded (at the time); dancers, both male and female danced; bards and panegyrists uttered praises; Gandharva women with their husbands sang beautiful songs (46).

(1) भर्तृभि: सह (जगुर्गन्धर्व्यः) = सहभर्तृकाः (जगुर्गन्धर्व्यः) – With their spouses (the Gandharva women sang).
Note: The third case affix used in भर्तृभि: is as per the सूत्रम् 2-3-19 सहयुक्तेऽप्रधाने।

(2) सह + भर्तृ भिस् । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे – The indeclinable सह when it denotes ‘equal connection (with an action)’ optionally compounds with a पदम् ending in a third case affix to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.

As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् the term सह gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-28 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सह ends in the nominative case. And hence as per 2-2-30 the term सह is placed in the prior position in the compound.

Note: ‘सह + भर्तृ भिस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) सह + भर्तृ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) सह + भर्तृ / स + भर्तृ । By 6-3-82 वोपसर्जनस्य – When it is a part of a बहुव्रीहि: compound the indeclinable सह is optionally replaced by ‘स’।

= सहभर्तृ / सभर्तृ ।

(5) सहभर्तृ कप् । By 5-4-153 नद्‍यृतश्च – Following a बहुव्रीहि: compound whose final member either has the designation नदी or ends in the letter ‘ऋ’ the तद्धित: affix कप्‌ is prescribed and this affix becomes the ending member of the compound.

(6) सहभर्तृक । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example, गन्धर्व्यः is being qualified. Hence we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सहभर्तृका’ by adding the feminine affix टाप्।

(7) सहभर्तृक + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्‌ – The प्रातिपदिकानि ‘अज’ etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in the letter ‘अ’ get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.

(8) सहभर्तृक + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) सहभर्तृका । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।

(10) सहभर्तृका + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(11) सहभर्तृका + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(12) सहभर्तृकास् । 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)

(13) सहभर्तृकाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. What is the विग्रह: of the compound वस्तुपाणयः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वस्तुपाणि’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?

2. In which word in the verses does the सूत्रम् 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च find application?

3. What type of compound is सुवाससः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुवासस्’, स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्) as used in the verses?
i. प्रादि-तत्पुरुष:
ii. कर्मधारय:
iii. गति-तत्पुरुष:
iv. बहुव्रीहि:

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ई’ in the form सङ्गीतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सङ्गीत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa executed by Śrī Rāma.” Paraphrase to “The gods rejoiced seeing (having seen) Rāvaṇa’s execution – whose doer was Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘that (execution) which has Śrī Rāma as the doer’ = ‘श्रीराम: कर्ता यस्य स: (वध:)’। Use the verbal root √हृष् (हृषँ तुष्टौ ४.१४२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to rejoice.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Along with his mothers, Bharata went to Citrakūṭa to meet (see) Śrī Rāma.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘along with his mothers (Bharata went)’ = ‘मातृभि: सह (जगाम भरत:)’।

Easy questions:

1. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि been used?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form नेदु:?