Today we will look at the form अनन्तम् mAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.6.8.
बालग्रहस्तत्र विचिन्वती शिशून्यदृच्छया नन्दगृहेऽसदन्तकम् । बालं प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसं ददर्श तल्पेऽग्निमिवाहितं भसि ।। १०-६-७ ।।
विबुध्य तां बालकमारिकाग्रहं चराचरात्मा स निमीलितेक्षणः । अनन्तमारोपयदङ्कमन्तकं यथोरगं सुप्तमबुद्धिरज्जुधीः ।। १०-६-८ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
बालग्रहः पूतना असदन्तकं बालं ददर्श । असतामन्तकं दृष्ट्वा कथं न बिभेति तत्राह । प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसम्, बालनाट्येन प्रतिच्छन्नं तिरोहितं निजमुरु तेजो येन तम् । कमिव । भसि भस्मन्याहितमग्निमिवेति ।। ७ ।। चराचरात्मत्वादेव तां विबुध्य निमीलितेक्षण आस । स्वयमनन्तं दुष्टानामन्तकं बालं मत्वा सा अङ्कमारोपयत् । यथोरगं सुप्तमबुद्धिश्चासौ रज्जुधीश्च सोऽज्ञानतो रज्जुबुद्ध्या गृह्णाति तद्वत् ।। ८ ।।
Gita Press translation – Hunting for infants and propelled by Providence, Pūtanā (lit., an evil spirit seizing infants and causing their death) saw lying in that palace of Nanda, the Babe (Śrī Kṛṣṇa), the Destroyer of the wicked, with His immeasurable glory veiled, like fire buried under ashes (7). Recognizing her to be an evil spirit given to the destruction of infants, Śrī Kṛṣṇa (the Soul of the mobile and immobile creation) lay with His eyes utterly closed. She placed the infinite Lord, her very death, in her lap (even) as an ignorant man would a sleeping serpent, mistaking it for a rope (8).
(1) अविद्यमानोऽन्तो यस्य स: = अनन्त: (भगवान्) – He (the Lord) whose end does not exist.
Note: The लौकिक-विग्रह: for the compound अनन्त: may also be stated as नास्त्यन्तो यस्य स:।
(2) अविद्यमान सुँ + अन्त सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)
Note: The compound ‘अविद्यमान’ (which is the prior member of the बहुव्रीहि: compound) is a तत्पुरुष: compound formed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्। The elision of the letter ‘न्’ is done by the सूत्रम् 6-3-73 नलोपो नञः।
(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘अविद्यमान सुँ’ as well as ‘अन्त सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.
The adjective ‘अविद्यमान सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound the पदम् which ends in a seventh case affix or is an adjective takes the prior position.
Note: ‘अविद्यमान सुँ + अन्त सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) अविद्यमान + अन्त । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
(5) अ + अन्त । By वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः – A compound पदम् in which the negation particle नञ् is followed by a उत्तर-पदम् (final member) that denotes the sense of ‘exists’ optionally drops this उत्तर-पदम् when it combines with another पदम् to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
See question 2.
Note: Compounding is already prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 itself. It is only for the elision of the उत्तरपदम् (of the compound पूर्वपदम्) that this वार्तिकम् is necessary.
(6) अ + नुँट् अन्त । By 6-3-74 तस्मान्नुडचि – When preceded by the particle नञ् whose letter ‘न्’ has been elided (by the prior सूत्रम् 6-3-73 नलोपो नञः), a final member (of a compound) which begins with a vowel takes the augment नुँट्।
Note: As per the परिभाषा ‘उभयनिर्देशे पञ्चमीनिर्देशो बलीयान्’ the fifth case affix used in तस्मात् has greater force than the seventh case affix used in अचि। Hence the operation (of attaching the augment नुँट्) takes place on the उत्तरपदम् and not on the particle नञ्।
Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ the augment नुँट् attaches at the beginning of the final member (of a compound) which begins with a vowel.
(7) अ + न् अन्त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= अनन्त ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example ‘श्रीकृष्ण’ is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अनन्त’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।
(8) अनन्त + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(9) अनन्तम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
Questions:
1. In the first verse of which Chapter of the गीता has the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः (used in step 5) been used?
2. What is the alternate form for ‘अनन्त’?
3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अन्तक’ (used as part of the compound ‘असदन्तक’ in the verses)?
4. What is the विग्रह: of the compound प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजस्’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
5. In which word in the verses has सम्प्रसारणम् taken place?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In Śrī Rāma’s kingdom all people were free of ailments.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who has no ailments’ = न सन्ति रोगा यस्य स:।
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form आरोपयत् derived?
2. In which word in the commentary has the सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ been used?
1. In the first verse of which Chapter of the गीता has the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः (used in step 5) been used?
Answer: The वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः has been used in the form अक्रियः (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्रिय’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) in the following verse of the गीता –
अनाश्रितः कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति यः ।
स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः ॥ ६-१॥
The लौकिक-विग्रहः is –
अविद्यमाना: क्रिया यस्य सः = अक्रियः – one who is devoid of actions (rites.)
अविद्यमाना जस् + क्रिया जस् । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे।
Note: The compound ‘अविद्यमाना’ (which is the prior member of the बहुव्रीहि: compound) is a तत्पुरुष: compound formed using the सूत्रम् 2-2-6 नञ्। The elision of the letter ‘न्’ is done by the सूत्रम् 6-3-73 नलोपो नञः।
By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘अविद्यमाना जस्’ as well as ‘क्रिया जस्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.
The adjective ‘अविद्यमाना जस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।
Note: ‘अविद्यमाना जस् + क्रिया जस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
= अविद्यमाना + क्रिया । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= अ + क्रिया । By वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः।
Note: Compounding is already prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 itself. It is only for the elision of the उत्तरपदम् (of the compound पूर्वपदम्) that this वार्तिकम् is necessary.
= अ + क्रिय । By 1-2-48 गोस्त्रियोरुपसर्जनस्य।
= अक्रिय ।
The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example य: (जन:/मनुष्य:) is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्रिय’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।
2. What is the alternate form for ‘अनन्त’?
Answer: The alternate form for ‘अनन्त’ is ‘अविद्यमानान्त’।
The वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे) नञोऽस्त्यर्थानां वाच्यो वा चोत्तरपदलोपः (used in step 5 of the derivation shown in the post) says – A compound पदम् in which the negation particle नञ् is followed by a उत्तर-पदम् (final member) that denotes the sense of ‘exists’ optionally drops this उत्तर-पदम् when it combines with another पदम् to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound.
When the उत्तर-पदम् ‘विद्यमान’ (of ‘अविद्यमान’) is not dropped we get the optional form अविद्यमानान्तः।
3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अन्तक’ (used as part of the compound ‘असदन्तक’ in the verses)?
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘ण्वुल्’ is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अन्तक’ derived as follows –
अन्तं करोति = अन्तयति – to terminate
अन्त + णिच् । By the गणसूत्रम् – प्रातिपदिकाद् धात्वर्थे बहुलमिष्ठवच्च along with तत्करोति तदाचष्टे।The affix णिच् is used in the sense of ‘he/she does/makes or tells/describes that.’
= अन्त + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: The अङ्गम् ‘अन्त’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 because here the affix णिच् behaves इष्ठवत् (by the गणसूत्रम् – प्रातिपदिकाद् धात्वर्थे बहुलमिष्ठवच्च।) ‘इष्ठन्’ is a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः। This allows 6-4-148 to apply in the next step.
= अन्त् + इ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च।
= अन्ति । ‘अन्ति’ gets the धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
अन्तयतीति अन्तकः – one who terminates
अन्ति + ण्वुल् । By 3-1-133 ण्वुल्तृचौ – The affixes ‘ण्वुल्’ and ‘तृच्’ may be used after a verbal root. Note: As per 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्, the affixes ‘ण्वुल्’ and ‘तृच्’ are used in the sense of the agent of the action.
= अन्ति + वु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= अन्ति + अक । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= अन्त् + अक । By 6-4-51 णेरनिटि।
= अन्तक । ‘अन्तक’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
4. What is the विग्रह: of the compound प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजस्’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
Answer: The विग्रह: of the compound प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसम् is as follows –
First we form a कर्मधारयः compound – उरु च तत् तेजश्च = उरुतेजः – great luster
Then we use the above compound to form the following कर्मधारयः compound – निजं च तदुरुतेजश्च = निजोरुतेजः – own great luster
Now we create a बहुव्रीहिः compound – प्रतिच्छन्नं निजोरुतेजो येन सः = प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजाः – He by whom His own great luster was veiled.
तं प्रतिच्छन्ननिजोरुतेजसम्।
As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे, many (not just two) terms can be simultaneously compounded to yield a बहुव्रीहिः compound. Hence we can directly form the above compound in one step in the following way (as shown in the commentary) –
प्रतिच्छन्नं (तिरोहितं) निजमुरु तेजो येन तम्।
5. In which word in the verses has सम्प्रसारणम् taken place?
Answer: सम्प्रसारणम् has taken place in the form सुप्तम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुप्त’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √स्वप् (ञिष्वपँ शये २. ६३).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुप्त’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/11/29/कृत्तः-mns/#comment-9470
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In Śrī Rāma’s kingdom all people were free of ailments.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘one who has no ailments’ = न सन्ति रोगा यस्य स:।
Answer: श्रीरामस्य राज्ये सर्वे जनाः अरोगाः बभूवुः = श्रीरामस्य राज्ये सर्वे जना अरोगा बभूवुः।
Easy questions:
1. From which verbal root is the form आरोपयत् derived?
Answer: The form आरोपयत् is derived from the causative form of the verbal root √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५).
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form आरोपयत् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/12/05/आरोपयत्-3as-लँङ्/#comment-2912
2. In which word in the commentary has the सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ has been used in the form बिभेति – derived from the verbal root √भी (ञिभी भये ३. २).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form बिभेति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/06/आददे-3as-लिँट्/#comment-3108