Today we will look at the form पुरस्कृत्य  ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.15.2.

तन्माधवो वेणुमुदीरयन्वृतो गोपैर्गृणद्भिः स्वयशो बलान्वितः । पशून्पुरस्कृत्य पशव्यमाविशद्विहर्तुकामः कुसुमाकरं वनम् ।। १०-१५-२ ।।
तन्मञ्जुघोषालिमृगद्विजाकुलं महन्मनःप्रख्यपयःसरस्वता । वातेन जुष्टं शतपत्रगन्धिना निरीक्ष्य रन्तुं भगवान्मनो दधे ।। १०-१५-३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
स्वयशो गृणद्भिर्गोपैर्वृतस्तद्वनं प्राविशत् ।। २ ।। तद्वनं निरीक्ष्य रन्तुं मनो दधे । कथंभूतम् । मञ्जुघोषा येऽलिमृगद्विजा भ्रमरमृगपक्षिणस्तैराकुलं व्याप्तं महन्मनःप्रख्यपयःसरस्वता महतां मनसा प्रख्यं तुल्यं स्वच्छं पयो यस्मिंस्तत्सर आश्रयत्वेनास्ति यस्य तेन वातेनेति शैत्यमुक्तम् । शतपत्रगन्धिनेति परिमलवत्त्वम् । जुष्टं वनमिति मान्द्यं सूचितम् ।। ३ ।।

Gita Press translation – Surrounded by cowherds – who were singing His praises – and accompanied by Balarāma, Śrī Kṛṣṇa (the spouse of Lakṣmī), who was eager to sport, entered the said woodland (of Vṛndāvana), the store-house of blossoms and good for the cattle, driving the cows before Him and playing on His flute (2). Observing it full of bees, beasts and birds making delightful sounds (nay,) fanned by a breeze blowing over a pond, whose water was clear as the mind of an exalted soul, and wafting the fragrance of lotuses, the Lord made up His mind to sport (there) (3).

(1) अग्रे कृत्वा = पुरस्कृत्य – placing before.

पुरस्कृत्य is derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) preceded by the term ‘पुरस्’। ‘पुरस’ gets the designation गति: here as per 1-4-67 पुरोऽव्ययम् – The term ‘पुरस्’ when used as a अव्ययम् (indeclinable) gets the designation ‘गति’ provided it is used in conjunction with a verb.

Note: Besides accent considerations, the purpose of assigning the designation ‘गति’ is to facilitate compound formation prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः which in turn allows for the substitution ‘ल्यप्‌’ (in place of ‘क्त्वा’) prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ (in step 5.)

Note: Since the term ‘पुरस्’ has the designation ‘गति’ here it also gets the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः and hence the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।

(2) कृ + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्त्वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same. In the present example the later action (having the same agent – ‘Śrī Kṛṣṇa (the spouse of Lakṣmī)’) is आविशत् (‘entered.’)

(3) अलौकिक-विग्रह: –

पुरस् + कृ क्त्वा । By 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः – The indeclinable ‘कु’, terms having the designation ‘गति’ (ref. 1-4-60 गतिश्च etc) as well as the terms ‘प्र’ etc. (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) invariably compound with a syntactically related term and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।

Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of नित्यम् (invariably) comes down from the prior सूत्रम् 2-2-17 नित्यं क्रीडाजीविकयोः।

(4) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘पुरस्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 (which prescribes the compounding) the term कुगतिप्रादयः ends in the nominative case. Hence the term ‘पुरस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘ पुरस् + कृ क्त्वा’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

(5) पुरस् + कृ ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌ – When the affix ‘क्त्वा’ occurs at the end of a compound, it is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ provided the prior member of the compound is a अव्ययम् other than ‘नञ्’ (ref. 2-2-6).

Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् (having the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114.)

(6) पुरस् + कृ य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.

(7) पुरस् + कृ तुँक् य । By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् – When followed by a कृत् affix which is a पित् (has the letter ‘प्’ as a इत्), a short vowel takes the augment ‘तुँक्’। As per 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ, the augment ‘तुँक्’ joins after the short vowel ‘ऋ’।

(8) पुरस् + कृ त् य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) पुरः + कृत्य । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

(10) पुरस्कृत्य । By 8-3-40 नमस्पुरसोर्गत्योः – A विसर्ग: belonging to the term ‘नमस्’/’पुरस्’ is substituted by the letter ‘स्’ provided ‘नमस्’/’पुरस्’ has the designation ‘गति’ and is followed by a letter of the कवर्ग: (‘क्’, ‘ख्’, ‘ग्’, ‘घ्’, ‘ङ्’) or पवर्ग: (‘प्’, ‘फ्’, ‘ब्’, ‘भ्’, ‘म्’)।

‘पुरस्कृत्य’ gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। This allows 2-4-82 to apply below.

(11) पुरस्कृत्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(12) पुरस्कृत्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 8-3-40 नमस्पुरसोर्गत्योः (used in step 10) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अगतित्वान्नेह। पू: पुरौ पुर: प्रवेष्टव्या:। Please explain.

2. In which other word (besides पुरस्कृत्य) has the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of ‘त्वा’) taken place in the verses?

3. Which कृत् affix is used to form the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आकर’ (appearing in the compound ‘कुसुमाकर’ in the verses)?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-80 प्वादीनां ह्रस्वः been used in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form मनसा used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“On the universe (collection of three worlds) being tormented by Hiraṇyakaśipu, all the gods went to the abode of Lord Viṣṇu placing Brahmā in front.” Use a locative absolute construction (ref. 2-3-37 यस्य च भावेन भावलक्षणम्‌) to express the meaning ‘On the universe (collection of three worlds) being tormented.’ Construct a द्विगु: compound for ‘universe (collection of three worlds)’ = त्रयाणां लोकानां समाहार:। Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धामन्’ for ‘abode.’

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the affix ‘श’ in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in the form दधे?