Today we will look at the form कदन्नम्  nAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.9.9.

स च प्राकृतैर्द्विपदपशुभिरुन्मत्तजडबधिरेत्यभिभाष्यमाणो यदा तदनुरूपाणि प्रभाषते कर्माणि च कार्यमाणः परेच्छया करोति विष्टितो वेतनतो वा याच्ञया यदृच्छया वोपसादितमल्पं बहु मृष्टं कदन्नं वाभ्यवहरति परं नेन्द्रियप्रीतिनिमित्तम् । नित्यनिवृत्तनिमित्तस्वसिद्धविशुद्धानुभवानन्दस्वात्मलाभाधिगमः सुखदुःखयोर्द्वन्द्वनिमित्तयोरसम्भावितदेहाभिमानः ।। ५-९-९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
यदाऽभिभाष्यमाणस्तदा तदनुरूपाणि प्रभाषते । मूल्यमन्तरेण बलाद्यत्कर्म कार्यते सा विष्टिः । वेतनं मूल्यम् । विष्ट्यादिभिरुपसादितमन्नमभ्यवहरति उपभुङ्क्ते केवलं, न त्विन्द्रियप्रीतये । अत्र हेतुद्वयमाह । नित्यं सदा निवृत्तं निमित्तं यस्मात्स उत्पादकशून्यः स्वसिद्धोऽभिव्यञ्जकशून्यो विशुद्धः केवलो योऽनुभवः स एवानन्दरूपः स्वात्मा तस्य लाभ एवंभूतोऽहमिति ज्ञानं तस्याधिगमः प्राप्तिरस्ति यस्य । द्वन्द्वानि सन्मानावमानादीनि तद्धेतुकयोः सुखदुःखयोरकृतदेहाभिमानः । तस्मान्नेन्द्रियप्रीतिनिमित्तमभ्यवहरतीत्यन्वयः ।। ९ ।।

Gita Press translation – As for Bharata, when he was addressed as a lunatic, a dullard or a deaf fellow by the common people, the two-footed brutes, he spoke words befitting such a description and would do work as desired by others when compelled to do so. (Nay,) he would eat any food got through forced labor or by way of remuneration (for services done by him), by begging or without asking, no matter whether it was scanty or plentiful, tasteful or bad, but never for the gratification of his senses. For, having realized his oneness with the all-blissful Self – that is of the nature of absolute Consciousness, ever without cause and shining by itself – he never identified himself with the body in joy or sorrow occasioned by pairs of opposites (such as honor or ignominy) (9).

(1) कुत्सितमन्नम् = कदन्नम्‌ – bad food

(2) अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
कु + अन्न सुँ । By 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः – The indeclinable ‘कु’, terms having the designation ‘गति’ (ref. 1-4-60 गतिश्च etc) as well as the terms ‘प्र’ etc. (ref. 1-4-58 प्रादयः) invariably compound with a syntactically related term and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of नित्यम् (invariably) comes down from the prior सूत्रम् 2-2-17 नित्यं क्रीडाजीविकयोः।

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘कु’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 (which prescribes the compounding) the term कुगतिप्रादयः ends in the nominative case. Hence the term ‘कु’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘कु + अन्न सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) कु + अन्न । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) कत् + अन्न । By 6-3-101 कोः कत्‌ तत्पुरुषेऽचि – In a तत्पुरुष: compound, the indeclinable ‘कु’ takes the substitution ‘कत्‌’ when it is followed by a vowel-beginning final member. Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य the entire term ‘कु’ is replaced by ‘कत्’।

(6) कदन्न । By 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते – When a झल् letter occurs at the end of a पदम् it is replaced by a जश् letter.

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कदन्न’ is neuter since the latter member ‘अन्न’ of the compound is neuter. The compound declines like वन-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(7) कदन्न + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(8) कदन्न + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement. 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
Note: 7-1-24 is required here to prevent 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ from applying.

(9) कदन्नम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-3-101 कोः कत्‌ तत्पुरुषेऽचि (used in step 5) the काशिका says – अचीति किम्? कुब्राह्मणः। कुपुरुषः। Please explain.

2. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘याच्ञा’ (occurring in the form याच्ञया (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?

3. In which word(s) in the verses has the augment मुँक् been used?

4. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a second case affix in the form मूल्यम् used in the commentary?

5. Where has the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने in the महाभाष्यम्) तादर्थ्ये चतुर्थी वाच्या been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Bad food pollutes not only the body but also the mind.” Use the verbal root √दुष् (दुषँ वैकृत्ये ४. ८२) in the causative for ‘to pollute.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the affix श्नम् in the commentary?