Today we will look at the form एकराट् mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.4.12.

तस्मिन्महेन्द्रभवने महाबलो महामना निर्जितलोक एकराट् । रेमेऽभिवन्द्याङ्घ्रियुगः सुरादिभिः प्रतापितैरूर्जितचण्डशासनः ।। ७-४-१२ ।।
तमङ्ग मत्तं मधुनोरुगन्धिना विवृत्तताम्राक्षमशेषधिष्ण्यपाः । उपासतोपायनपाणिभिर्विना त्रिभिस्तपोयोगबलौजसां पदम् ।। ७-४-१३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
ऊर्जितमधिकं चण्डं तीव्रं शासनं यस्य ।। १२ ।। अङ्ग हे राजन्, उरुगन्धिनोग्रगन्धेन मधुना सुरया मत्तम् । अत एव विवृत्ते विघूर्णिते ताम्रे अक्षिणी यस्य तम् । अशेषधिष्ण्यपाः सर्वलोकपाला उपायनयुक्तैः पाणिभिरुपासत सेवन्ते । त्रिभिर्ब्रह्मविष्णुरुद्रैर्विना । पदमाश्रयभूतम् ।। १३ ।।

Translation – In that palace of the great Indra reveled the mighty and proud Hiraṇyakaśipu, who had conquered (all) the worlds and was (now) their sole monarch, (nay,) whose feet were respectfully tended by gods and others severely oppressed by him and who ruled with a strong and iron hand (12). Upon him, O dear one – who remained inebriate with a strong-smelling wine and whose coppery eyes ever kept rolling (through intoxication), (nay,) who was a reservoir of austerity, Yoga (concentration of mind) and strength of body and acuteness of the senses – waited with presents (of various kinds) in their hands all the protectors of the worlds barring (of course) three (viz., Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śiva) (13).

(1) एकश्चासौ राट् = एकराट् – sole monarch.
Note: Due to the restriction imposed by the सूत्रम् 2-1-50 दिक्संख्ये संज्ञायाम्‌ we would be able to construct the compound एकराट् only if it were to be a proper name. But the specific mention of ‘एक’ in the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन now allows us to construct this compound even though it is not a proper name.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) एक सुँ + राज् सुँ । By 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन – A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which either i) denotes an action which naturally precedes in time or ii) is (composed by adding a सुँप् affix to) ‘एक’/’सर्व’/’जरत्’/’पुराण’/’नव’/’केवल’ optionally compounds with another सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘एक सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 (which prescribes the compounding) the term पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः ends in the nominative case. Hence the term ‘एक सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘एक सुँ + राज् सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) एक + राज् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= एकराज् ।

Note: As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एकराज्’ is masculine since the latter member ‘राज्’ of the compound is masculine.

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(5) एकराज् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(6) एकराज् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) एकराज् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् – A single letter affix ‘सुँ’, ‘ति’ or ‘सि’ is dropped following a base ending in a consonant or in the long feminine affix ‘ङी’ or ‘आप्’। Now ‘एकराज्’ gets the designation पदम् by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows the सूत्रम् 8-2-36 to apply in the next step.

(8) एकराष् । By 8-2-36 व्रश्चभ्रस्जसृजमृजयजराजभ्राजच्छशां षः – The seven verbal roots listed – √व्रश्च् (ओँव्रश्चूँ छेदने ६. १२), √भ्रस्ज् (भ्रस्जँ पाके ६. ४), √सृज् (सृजँ विसर्गे ६. १५०), √मृज् (मृजूँ शुद्धौ २. ६१), √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७), √राज् (राजृँ दीप्तौ १. ९५६) and √भ्राज् (टुभ्राजृँ दीप्तौ १. ९५७) – and terms ending in the letter ‘छ्’ or the letter ‘श्’ get the letter ‘ष्’ as a replacement, when they are at the end of a पदम् or are followed by a झल् letter.
Note: As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending letter is replaced by the letter ‘ष्’।

(9) एकराड् । By 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, a झल् letter occurring at the end of a पदम् it is replaced by a जश् letter.

(10) एकराड् / एकराट् । By 8-4-56 वाऽवसाने, a झल् letter is optionally replaced by a चर् letter when nothing follows.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन (used in step 2) the काशिका says – समानाधिकरणेनेति किम्? एकस्याः शाटी। Please explain.

2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the word त्रिभि: used in the verses?

3. In which word in the verses has the सूत्रम् 6-4-52 निष्ठायां सेटि been used?

4. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 8-2-42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः apply in the form मत्तम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मत्त’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?

5. Can you spot a तृतीया-तत्पुरुष: compound in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In Laṅkā, Vibhīṣaṇa was the sole devotee of Śrī Rāma.” Construct a compound for ‘sole devotee’ (एकश्चासौ भक्त:।)

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘अत्’ in the form उपासत used in the verses?