Today we will look at the form धर्मार्थम् nAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.15.15.

धर्मार्थमपि नेहेत यात्रार्थं वाधनो धनम् । अनीहानीहमानस्य महाहेरिव वृत्तिदा ।। ७-१५-१५ ।।
सन्तुष्टस्य निरीहस्य स्वात्मारामस्य यत्सुखम् । कुतस्तत्कामलोभेन धावतोऽर्थेहया दिशः ।। ७-१५-१६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
किंच – अधनो धर्मार्थं धनं नेहेत नापेक्षेत, धनार्थं न व्याप्रियेतेति वा । दैवोपपन्नेनैव स्वधर्मसिद्धेरुक्तत्वात् । यात्रार्थमपि नेहेतेत्येतत्प्रपञ्चयति – अनीहेति सार्धैः षड्भिः ।। १५ ।। १६ ।।

Gita Press translation – An indigent man should not endeavor to obtain wealth even for the sake of piety or for maintenance. Effortlessness proves to be a means of subsistence to a man who ceases to strive (even) as it does in the case of a python (15). How can that (supreme and lasting) happiness which falls to the lot of a contented and effortless man delighting in his own self be enjoyed by one running in all directions in quest of wealth out of greed for objects of sense? (16)

लौकिक-विग्रह: –
(1) धर्मार्थम् = धर्मायेदम् (धर्माय इदम्) – for the sake of piety.
Note: The fourth case affix used following the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धर्म’ is justified by the following वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने in the महाभाष्यम्) तादर्थ्ये चतुर्थी वाच्या – A fourth case affix (‘ङे’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) which denotes the purpose for which an action is done or for which another thing exists or is used.
Note: The existence of this वार्तिकम् is inferred from the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः which allows compounding between a पदम् which ends in a fourth case affix and another पदम् which ends in a सुँप् affix and denotes a thing whose purpose is denoted by the पदम् ending in the fourth case affix.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) धर्म ङे + अर्थ सुँ । By 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः – A पदम् ending in a fourth case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् denoting that which is for the purpose of that which is denoted by the पदम् ending in the fourth case affix, and so also with a (syntactically related) पदम् (formed by adding a सुँप् affix to) ‘अर्थ’ or ‘बलि’ or ‘हित’ or ‘सुख’ or ‘रक्षित’ and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: As per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः) अर्थेन नित्यसमासो विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता चेति वक्तव्यम्‌ – The compounding (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः of a पदम् ending in a fourth case affix) with a syntactically related पदम् formed by adding a सुँप् affix to ‘अर्थ’ is obligatory (not optional) and the gender of the resulting compound is the same as the gender of that which it qualifies.

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘धर्म ङे’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 (which prescribes the compounding) the term चतुर्थी ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘धर्म ङे’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘धर्म ङे + अर्थ सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) धर्म + अर्थ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) धर्मार्थ । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

See questions 3 and 4.

As per the above वार्तिकम्, the compound ‘धर्मार्थ’ takes the gender of that which it qualifies. Here the compound is neuter because it is qualifying ‘धन’ which is neuter.

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(6) धर्मार्थ + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(7) धर्मार्थ + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement. Note: 7-1-24 is required here to prevent 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ from applying.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) धर्मार्थम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. In verses 7-12 of Chapter Three of the गीता where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः (used in step 2) been used along with the वार्तिकम् (under 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः) अर्थेन नित्यसमासो विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता चेति वक्तव्यम्‌?

2. Where else (besides in धर्मार्थम्) has the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः been used along with the वार्तिकम् (under 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः) अर्थेन नित्यसमासो विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता चेति वक्तव्यम्‌ in the verses?

3. Commenting on the term ‘नित्य’ used in the वार्तिकम् ‘अर्थेन नित्यसमासो विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता चेति वक्तव्यम्‌’ the तत्त्वबोधिनी comments अन्यथा विभाषाधिकारात्पक्षे द्विजायार्थ इति प्रयोगः स्यादिति भावः। (The reference is to the example द्विजायायं द्विजार्थ: सूप: given in the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी।) Please explain.

4. Commenting on the word ‘विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता’ used in the वार्तिकम् ‘अर्थेन नित्यसमासो विशेष्यलिङ्‌गता चेति वक्तव्यम्‌’ the तत्त्वबोधिनी comments वचनाभावे त्वर्थशब्दस्य नित्यपुंस्त्वात् ‘परवल्लिङ्गम्-‘ इति सर्वत्र पुंलिङ्गप्रयोग एव स्यादिति भावः। Please explain.

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“These fruits are for the guests.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment ‘सीयुट्’ in the verses?

2. From which verbal root is the form व्याप्रियेत (used in the commentary) derived?