Today we will look at the form ते mDs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1-44-15.
तच्च गङ्गावतरणं त्वया कृतमरिन्दम । अनेन च भवान्प्राप्तो धर्मस्यायतनं महत् ।। १-४४-१३ ।।
प्लावयस्व त्वमात्मानं नरोत्तम सदोचिते । सलिले पुरुषव्याघ्र शुचिः पुण्यफलो भव ।। १-४४-१४ ।।
पितामहानां सर्वेषां कुरुष्व सलिलक्रियाम् । स्वस्ति तेऽस्तु गमिष्यामि स्वं लोकं गम्यतां नृप ।। १-४४-१५ ।।
इत्येवमुक्त्वा देवेशः सर्वलोकपितामहः । यथागतं तथागच्छद्देवलोकं महायशाः ।। १-४४-१६ ।।
Gita Press translation – “The celebrated achievement in the shape of bringing down the Gaṅgā (to the terrestrial plane) has been accomplished by you, O subduer of foes! and by this you have attained the great reward of virtue (in the shape of the realm of Brahmā) (13). Even though pure, bathe yourself, O jewel among men, in the water (of the holy Gaṅgā) which is fit for bath all the year round (unlike other rivers which are rendered unfit for bath during the monsoons) and attain the reward of your merit, O superman! (14) Offer water to all your great grand-uncles, may all be well with you. I shall (now) go back to my realm, you may (also) return (to your own capital), O protector of men!” (15) Saying so, the highly glorious Brahmā (the progenitor of all the worlds), the overlord of gods, ascended to the realm of gods even as he had come (16).
ते is चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् of the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘युष्मद्’।
(1) युष्मद् + ङे । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-16 नमःस्वस्तिस्वाहास्वधालंवषड्योगाच्च – A fourth case affix (‘ङे’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) co-occurring with ‘नमः’ or ‘स्वस्ति’ or ‘स्वाहा’ or ‘स्वधा’ or ‘अलम्’ or ‘वषट्’।
(2) ते । By 8-1-22 तेमयावेकवचनस्य – The प्रातिपदिके ‘युष्मद्’ and ‘अस्मद्’ along with a singular affix of the fourth or sixth case, get ‘ते’ and ‘मे’ as replacements respectively when the following conditions are satisfied:
1. There is a पदम् (which in the present example is स्वस्ति) in the same sentence preceding ‘युष्मद्’/’अस्मद्’।
2. ‘युष्मद्’/’अस्मद्’ is not at the beginning of a metrical पाद:।
Questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-16 नमःस्वस्तिस्वाहास्वधालंवषड्योगाच्च been used for the last time in Chapter Eleven of the गीता?
2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form त्वया used in the verses?
3. Can you spot the augment मुँम् in the verses?
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ (used in the compound सलिलक्रियाम् in the verses?)
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले been used in the verses?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May all be well with everyone.”
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot the affix यक् in the verses?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘व’ in the form कुरुष्व?
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-16 नमःस्वस्तिस्वाहास्वधालंवषड्योगाच्च been used for the last time in Chapter Eleven of the गीता?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-16 नमःस्वस्तिस्वाहास्वधालंवषड्योगाच्च been used for the last time in Chapter Eleven of the गीता in the following verse:
नमः पुरस्तादथ पृष्ठतस्ते नमोऽस्तु ते सर्वत एव सर्व |
अनन्तवीर्यामितविक्रमस्त्वं सर्वं समाप्नोषि ततोऽसि सर्वः || 11-40||
ते/तुभ्यम् is चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् of the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘युष्मद्’।
2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a third case affix in the form त्वया used in the verses?
Answer: The use of a third case affix in the form त्वया (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘युष्मद्’, तृतीया-एकवचनम्) is justified by the सूत्रम् 2-3-18 कर्तृकरणयोस्तृतीया – A third case affix (‘टा’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भिस्’) is used to denote कर्ता (the doer of the action) as well as करणम् (the instrument of the action) provided the doer/instrument has not been expressed otherwise.
Note: Here ‘युष्मद्’ (you) is the कर्ता (doer) of the action ‘to accomplish’ – expressed in the participle form कृतम् (accomplished.)
3. Can you spot the augment मुँम् in the verses?
Answer: The augment मुँम् occurs in the form (हे) अरिन्दम (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अरिन्दम’, पुंलिङ्गे सम्बुद्धि:)।
Please refer to answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form अरिन्दम – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/01/30/विभो-mvs/#comment-18311
4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ (used in the compound सलिलक्रियाम् in the verses?)
Answer: The कृत् affix ‘श’ is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ – derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०).
Please refer to the following post for derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘क्रिया’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/05/09/क्रियाः-fap/
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले has been used in the verses in the form उक्त्वा – derived from the verbal root √वच् (वचँ परिभाषणे २. ५८).
वच् + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले – The affix ‘क्त्वा’ is used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same.
Note: Here the common agent of the actions उक्त्वा (having said) and अगच्छत् (went) is देवेशः (ब्रह्मा)। The earlier of the two actions is ‘having said’ which is denoted by √वच् and hence √वच् takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
= वच् + त्वा । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Note: 7-2-10 एकाच उपदेशेऽनुदात्तात् prevents the affix ‘त्वा’ from taking the augment इट् which would have been done by 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः।
= व् अ च् + त्वा = उ अ च् + त्वा । By 6-1-15 वचिस्वपियजादीनां किति।
= उ च् + त्वा । By 6-1-108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च।
= उ क् त्वा = उक्त्वा । By 8-2-30 चोः कुः।
‘उक्त्वा’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May all be well with everyone.”
Answer: स्वस्ति सर्वेभ्यः अस्तु = स्वस्ति सर्वेभ्योऽस्तु।
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot the affix यक् in the verses?
Answer: The affix यक् is used in the form गम्यताम् – derived from the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७).
The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्मणि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
गम् + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च।
= गम् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= गम् + त । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्, 1-3-13 भावकर्मणोः।
= गम् + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
= गम् + ताम् । By 3-4-90 आमेतः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of ‘ताम्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
= गम् + यक् + ताम् । By 3-1-67 सार्वधातुके यक् – The affix यक् follows a धातुः when a सार्वधातुकम् affix follows denoting the action of the verb (भावे) or the object of the verb (कर्मणि)।
= गम्यताम् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘व’ in the form कुरुष्व?
Answer: The substitution ‘व’ in the form कुरुष्व is prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ – The letter ‘ए’ of लोँट् which follows the letter ‘स्’ or ‘व्’ is replaced by ‘व’ and ‘अम्’ respectively.
Please see to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form कुरुष्व – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/08/14/तपस्यसि-2as-लँट्/#comment-4202