Today we will look at the form (हे) राम mVs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.14.13.

पुत्रांस्त्रैलोक्यभर्तॄन्वै जनयिष्यथ मत्समान् । अदितिस्तन्मना राम दितिश्च दनुरेव च ।। ३-१४-१३ ।।
कालका च महाबाहो शेषास्त्वमनसोऽभवन् । अदित्यां जज्ञिरे देवास्त्रयस्त्रिंशदरिन्दम ।। ३-१४-१४ ।।
आदित्या वसवो रुद्रा अश्विनौ च परन्तप । दितिस्त्वजनयत्पुत्रान्दैत्यांस्तात यशस्विनः ।। ३-१४-१५ ।।

Gita Press translation – ‘You will give birth to sons like me, masters of the three worlds.’ O Rāma of mighty arms – Aditi, Diti, Danu and Kālakā were attentive, the rest were indifferent. “Of Aditi thirty-three gods were born, O vanquisher of foes – the (twelve) Ādityas, the (eight) Vasus, the (eleven) Rudras and the two Aświns, O tormentor of foes! Diti for her part gave birth to the famous Daityas (demons), O dear one! (13-15).”

Note: These verses have also been previously posted in the following post – जनयिष्यथ-2ap-लृँट्

The form (हे) राम is derived from the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राम’। The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे सम्बुद्धिः। By 2-3-49 एकवचनं सम्बुद्धि: – The nominative singular affix (‘सुँ’) when used in a vocative form gets the designation सम्बुद्धि:।

(1) (हे) राम + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote ‘address’ (in addition to the meaning of the nominal stem) also. Note: सम् (सम्मुखीकृत्य) बोधनम् (ज्ञापनम्) = सम्बोधनम्। सम्बोधनम् means drawing someone’s attention (to inform him/her of something.)

(2) (हे) राम + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The letter ‘स्’ which is an एकाल् (single letter) affix gets the अपृक्त-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-41 अपृक्त एकाल् प्रत्ययः।

(3) (हे) राम । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात्‌ सम्बुद्धेः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in ‘एङ्’ (letter ‘ए’ or ‘ओ’) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च (used in step 1) been used in for the first time in the गीता? Where has it been used for the last time?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च, the काशिका says – आभिमुख्यकरणं सम्बोधनम्। तदधिके प्रातिपदिकार्थे प्रथमा न प्राप्नोतीति वचनमारभ्यते। Please explain.

3. Where else – besides in (हे) राम – has the सूत्रम् 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च been used in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix खच् in the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अरिन्दम’? Which one prescribes it in the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘परन्तप’?

5. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘देव’?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“O Rāma! (Please) uplift me.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-109 जसि च been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the augment अट् in the verses?