Today we will look at the form भूत्वा भूत्वा ind from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 7.15.55.

अग्निः सूर्यो दिवा प्राह्णः शुक्लो राकोत्तरं स्वराट् । विश्वोऽथ तैजसः प्राज्ञस्तुर्य आत्मा समन्वयात् ।। ७-१५-५४ ।।
देवयानमिदं प्राहुर्भूत्वा भूत्वानुपूर्वशः । आत्मयाज्युपशान्तात्मा ह्यात्मस्थो न निवर्तते ।। ७-१५-५५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
अग्निरिति । तत्तदभिमानिन्यो देवतास्ताः । प्राप्नोतीति पूर्ववत् । दिवाऽहः । प्राह्णस्तस्यैवान्तः । राका शुक्लपक्षस्यान्तः । यद्वा प्राह्णो राका इति च पुराणमतम् । उत्तरं त्वयनम् । स्वराट् ब्रह्मा । एवं ब्रह्मलोकं गतस्य भोगावसाने मोक्षप्रकरणमाह – विश्व इति । विश्वः स्थूलोपाधिः स स्थूलं सूक्ष्मे विलाप्य सूक्ष्मोपाधिस्तैजसो भवति । सूक्ष्मं कारणे विलाप्य कारणोपाधिः प्राज्ञो भवति । कारणं च सर्वसाक्षित्वेनान्वयात्साक्षिस्वरूपे विलाप्य तुर्यो भवति । तेषां च व्यभिचारिणां साक्ष्याणां लये शुद्ध आत्मा भवति । मुच्यत इत्यर्थः ।। ५४ ।। यथेतरो भूत्वा निवर्तते तथा न निवर्तत इत्यर्थः ।। ५५ ।।

Translation – (The deities presiding over) fire, the sun, the day-time, the close of day (eventide), the bright fortnight, the full moon (the closing day of a bright fortnight), the summer half-year (representing the progress of the sun to the north of the equator) and Brahmā (that mark the ascent of the departed soul to Brahmaloka, the realm of Brahmā, the uppermost and the subtlest sphere of this material universe and representing the climax of material enjoyment), the Viśwa (the soul identifying itself with gross matter), Taijasa (the soul identified with subtle matter), the Prājña (the soul identified with the causal matter), the Turya (the soul standing as a witness of all these states), so-called because of its being associated with each of these states (as its witness), and Ātmā (the pure Spirit) – the Vedas speak of these as (marking) the path of the gods (also known by the name of Arcirmārga or the Bright Path, which culminates in Liberation). The tranquil-minded votary of the (supreme) Spirit (God), established in the Self, never returns (to this world) like another who having successively and repeatedly come in to being returns (to this world.) (54-55).

भूत्वा is derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १).

(1) भू + क्त्वा । By 3-4-22 आभीक्ष्ण्ये णमुल् च – To denote repetition of action, the affix ‘णमुँल्’ or ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ may be used following a verbal root which denotes a prior action relative to that of another verbal root, provided the agent of both the actions is the same. Note: The अनुवृत्ति: of the entire prior सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले comes down in to this सूत्रम् 3-4-22.
Note: (As per the commentary) The common agent of the actions भूत्वा (becoming) and निवर्तते (returns) is इतर: (another.) The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘becoming’ which is denoted by √भू and hence √भू takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।

(2) भू + त्वा । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

See question 2.

= भूत्वा । 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च stops 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।

‘भूत्वा’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।
‘भूत्वा’ also gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः – Words ending in the affixes ‘क्त्वा’, ‘तोसुन्’ and ‘कसुन्’ are designated as indeclinables.

(4) भूत्वा + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(5) भूत्वा । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः – The feminine affix आप् and सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision.

(6) भूत्वा भूत्वा । By 8-1-4 नित्यवीप्सयोः – To express repetition of action or pervasion of a thing by a property or action, a पदम् (ref. 1-4-14) is duplicated.
Note: The affix ‘णमुँल्’ or ‘क्‍त्‍वा’ is capable of expressing repetition of action only after duplication (by 8-1-4).

Questions:

1. Where has भूत्वा भूत्वा been used in (Chapter Eight of) the गीता?

2. What prevents the सूत्रम् 7-2-35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः from applying after step 2?

3. Can you spot the affix ‘णिनिँ’ in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘कि’ in ‘उपाधि’ (used as part of the compounds स्थूलोपाधिः etc in the commentary)?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Remembering again and again the amorous pastimes of Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the gopīs experienced great joy.” Use the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) with the उपसर्ग: ‘अनु’ for ‘to experience.’ Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘लीला’ for ‘amorous pastime.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In this school every student is intelligent.” Paraphrase to “In this school student after student is intelligent.” Use the feminine (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पाठशाला’ for ‘school.’ Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘धीमत्’ (ending in the affix ‘मतुँप्’) for ‘intelligent.’

Easy questions:

1. From which verbal root is the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वीप्सा’ (used in the सूत्रम् 8-1-4 नित्यवीप्सयोः) derived?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ए’ in निवर्तते?