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उच्चैः ind

Today we will look at the form उच्चैः ind from चाणक्य-नीतिः।

गुणैरुत्तमतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थिताः ।
प्रासादशिखरस्थोऽपि काकः किं गरुडायते ॥

Translation – Excellence is attained through good qualities and not by (the mere fact of) occupying a high seat. Can a crow – even though stationed on the pinnacle of a palace – act like Garuḍa (the king of birds)?

Note: This verse has also been previously posted in the following post – गरुडायते-3as-लँट्

The form उच्चैः is derived from the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उच्चैस्’।

Since ‘उच्चैस्’ is listed in the स्वरादि-गण:, it gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम् – The class of terms beginning with ‘स्वर्’ (heaven) and the particles (निपाताः) are assigned the name अव्ययम् (indeclinable). Since ‘उच्चैस्’ is an अव्ययम्, it only takes the default first case affix ‘सुँ’।

(1) उच्चैस् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote (i) only the meaning of the प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) or (ii) only the additional sense of gender or (iii) only the additional sense of measure or (iv) only number.

(2) उच्चैस् । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः, the feminine affix आप् and the सुँप् affixes that are prescribed after a अव्ययम् take the लुक् elision. Now ‘उच्चैस्’ gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्

(3) उच्चैः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः। See question 2.

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उच्चैस्’ been used in Chapter One of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the final form उच्चैः, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – पदत्वादिह रुत्वविसर्गौ भवत:। Please explain.

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – मात्रशब्दस्य प्रत्येकं योग:। Please explain.

4. The वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 2-3-46 प्रातिपदिकार्थलिङ्गपरिमाणवचनमात्रे प्रथमा in the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – प्रातिपदिकार्थमात्रे लिङ्गमात्राद्याधिक्‍ये संख्‍यामात्रे च प्रथमा स्‍यात् । Commenting on the use of the term आधिक्‍ये the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – यद्यपि लिङ्गमात्रे परिमाणमात्रे इत्येवाक्षरार्थस्तथापि प्रातिपदिकार्थं विना लिङ्गादिप्रतीतेरसम्भवादिति तदाधिक्य इत्युक्तम्। Please explain.

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-3-122 उपसर्गस्य घञ्यमनुष्ये बहुलम् been used in the verses?

6. In which sense is the affix ल्युट् used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आसन’?
(i) कर्तरि
(ii) कर्मणि
(iii) करणे
(iv) अधिकरणे

7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The teacher should sit on a high seat, but not the student.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः been used in the verse?

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