Today we will look at the form दण्डपाणिम्  mAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.17.35.

यस्मिन्हरिर्भगवानिज्यमान इज्यात्ममूर्तिर्यजतां शं तनोति । कामानमोघान्स्थिरजङ्गमानामन्तर्बहिर्वायुरिवैष आत्मा ।। १-१७-३४ ।।
सूत उवाच
परीक्षितैवमादिष्टः स कलिर्जातवेपथुः । तमुद्यतासिमाहेदं दण्डपाणिमिवोद्यतम् ।। १-१७-३५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
इज्या यागस्तद्रूपा मूर्तिर्यस्य । शं क्षेमं कामांश्च । नन्विन्द्रादयो देवा इज्यन्ते नतु हरिस्तत्राह – स्थिरेति । एष स्थावरादीनामात्मेति । तथापि जीववन्न परिछिन्न इत्याह – अन्तर्बहिरिति । यथा वायुः प्राणरूपेणान्त:स्थोऽपि बहिरप्यस्ति तद्वत्सर्वान्तर्यामीश्वरोऽपीति ।। ३४ ।। उद्यतासिमुद्‍धृतखड्गम् । दण्डपाणिं यमम् । उद्‍युतमुद्‍युक्तम् ।। ३५ ।।

Gita Press translation – In this land (of Brahmāvarta) Lord Śrī Hari abides in the form of sacrifices and blesses His votaries. Nay, moving inside as well as outside all animate and inanimate beings like the air, that Universal Soul grants all their desires (34). Sūta continued: Kali trembled to hear this command of king Parikṣit. He made the following request to the king, who stood ready to strike with his uplifted sword, as Yama with his rod of punishment (35).

(1) दण्ड: पाणौ यस्य स: = दण्डपाणि: (यम:) – He (Yama) in whose hand there is the rod of punishment

(2) दण्ड सुँ + पाणि ङि । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ the term ‘पाणि ङि’ which ends in a seventh case affix should be placed in the prior position in this बहुव्रीहिः compound. But as per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-37 वाहिताग्न्यादिषु in the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी) प्रहरणार्थेभ्य: परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ the term ‘पाणि ङि’ which ends in a seventh case affix is placed in the latter position in the compound because it follows the term ‘दण्ड सुँ’ which denotes a weapon.
Note: Which सूत्रम् justifies the formation of a बहुव्रीहि: compound using a पदम् ending in a seventh case affix? We cannot use 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे because that सूत्रम् only prescribes compounding of terms (having the designation पदम् and) ending in the nominative case. Hence अत एव ज्ञापकाद्व्यधिकरणपदो बहुव्रीहिः – The सूत्रम् 2-2-35 itself serves as an indication (ज्ञापकम्) that a बहुव्रीहिः compound may be formed using terms that do not have समानाधिकरणम् (same locus) and hence do not all end in the nominative case. Otherwise there would be no point in mentioning ‘सप्तमी’ in the सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ।

Note: ‘दण्ड सुँ + पाणि ङि’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(3) दण्ड + पाणि । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= दण्डपाणि ।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example दण्डपाणिः is qualifying यमः। Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दण्डपाणि’। It declines like हरि-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(4) दण्डपाणि + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(5) दण्डपाणिम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. How may we justify the placement of the term ‘असि’ (which denotes a weapon) in the latter position in the बहुव्रीहि: compound ‘उद्यतासि’ in spite of the वार्तिकम् (under 2-2-37 वाहिताग्न्यादिषु in the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी) प्रहरणार्थेभ्य: परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ?

2. In which word in the verses has the कृत् affix उण् been used?

3. Can you spot a नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses?

4. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘इज्या’ (used in the compound इज्यात्ममूर्ति: in the verses)?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Viṣṇu (in whose hand there is the (bow named) Śārṅga) always protects his (own) devotees.” Construct a बहुव्रीहि: compound for ‘He (the Lord) in whose hand there is the (bow named) Śārṅga’ = शार्ङ्गः पाणौ यस्य स:।

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘उ’ in the form तनोति?

2. In which word in the commentary has the सूत्रम् 3-1-67 सार्वधातुके यक् been used?