Today we will look at the form कृतकृत्यम्  mAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.20.49.

येऽहीयन्तामुतः केशा अहयस्तेऽङ्ग जज्ञिरे । सर्पाः प्रसर्पतः क्रूरा नागा भोगोरुकन्धराः ।। ३-२०-४८ ।।
स आत्मानं मन्यमानः कृतकृत्यमिवात्मभूः । तदा मनून्ससर्जान्ते मनसा लोकभावनान् ।। ३-२०-४९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
अमुतोऽमुष्माद्देहाद्ये केशा अहीयन्त प्रच्युतास्तेऽहयो जाताः । प्रसर्पतः पादाद्याकुञ्चनैः प्रचलतोऽमुष्मात्सर्पाः । अत एव अगा न भवन्तीति नागाः । अतिवेगवन्त इत्यर्थः । भोगवतो जातत्वाद्भोगेन फणेनोरुर्विस्तीर्णा कन्धरा येषाम् । सर्वे चैते तत्क्रोधयोगात्क्रूराः । तेषामवान्तरजातिभेदः सर्पसिद्धान्ते प्रसिद्धः ।। ४८ ।। यदा मन्यमानोऽभूत्तदा मनून्ससर्ज ।। ४९ ।।

Gita Press translation – The hair that dropped from that body (as he apparently pulled them in a fit of excitement) were transformed into snakes, dear Vidura; while, even as the body crawled along (with its hands and feet contracted), there sprang from it ferocious serpents and Nāgas with their necks dilated in the form of hood (48). One day, Brahmā (the self-born creator) felt as if the object of his life had been accomplished; at that time he evolved out of his mind, last of all, the Manus, who promote the welfare of the world (49).

(1) कृतं कृत्यं येन स: = कृतकृत्य: – The one by whom that which is fit to be done has been done. (Hence it means one who is fulfilled/accomplished.)

(2) कृत सुँ + कृत्य सुँ । By 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and ending in the nominative case may optionally compound to yield a बहुव्रीहि: compound provided the terms are employed to denote the sense of another पदम् (which is not part of the compound.)

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘कृत सुँ’ as well as ‘कृत्य सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-2-24 अनेकमन्यपदार्थे (which prescribes the compounding) the term अनेकम् ends in the nominative case. And hence 2-2-30 cannot help us in deciding which term to place in the prior position in the compound.

The सूत्रम् 2-2-35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ also cannot help us here in determining which term should be placed in the prior position in the compound because both ‘कृत’ and ‘कृत्य’ are adjectives. Since ‘कृत’ ends in the affix ‘क्त’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-2-102 निष्ठा) it is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा – In a बहुव्रीहि: compound a term which ends in a निष्ठा affix (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-2-102 निष्ठा) takes the prior position.
Note: This सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा is not to be confused with the identically worded सूत्रम् 3-2-102 निष्ठा।
Note: With the help of the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-72 येन विधिस्तदन्तस्य we understand that the term निष्ठा used in this सूत्रम् 2-2-36 stands for निष्ठान्तम् (a term ending in a निष्ठा affix.)

Note: ‘कृत सुँ + कृत्य सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) कृत + कृत्य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= कृतकृत्य ।

The gender of a बहुव्रीहि: compound matches that of which it qualifies. In the present example ‘आत्मन्’ is being qualified. Hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कृतकृत्य’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।

(5) कृतकृत्य + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(6) कृतकृत्यम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where does the बहुव्रीहि: compound ‘कृतकृत्य’ occur in the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-2-36 निष्ठा (used in step 3) the काशिका says – ननु च विशेषणमेवात्र निष्ठा? नैष नियमः, विशेषणविशेष्यभावस्य विवक्षानिबन्धनत्वात्। Please explain.

3. What type of समास: is लोकभावनान् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘लोकभावन’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्) used in the verses?
i. कर्मधारय:
ii. षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष:
iii. बहुव्रीहि:
iv. उपपद-तत्पुरुष:

4. In which word in the verses has the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in place of ‘लँट्’) been used?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fifth case affix in the form भोगवत: used in the commentary? Which one justifies in जातत्वात्?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“No one can become fulfilled without the grace of the Lord.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘ई’ in the form अहीयन्त used in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच् been used in the verses?