Today we will look at the form एकादश  fAp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.2.26.

वसुदेवस्य देवक्यां जातो भोजेन्द्रबन्धने । चिकीर्षुर्भगवानस्याः शमजेनाभियाचितः ।। ३-२-२५ ।।
ततो नन्दव्रजमितः पित्रा कंसाद्विबिभ्यता । एकादश समास्तत्र गूढार्चिः सबलोऽवसत् ।। ३-२-२६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
इदानीं तस्यान्तर्धानप्रकारं वक्तुमादित आरभ्य तच्चरितं संक्षेपतः कथयति । वसुदेवस्य भार्यायां जातः । भोजेन्द्रः कंसस्तस्य बन्धनागारे । अस्याः पृथिव्याः शं सुखं स्वयं चिकीर्षुः । अजेन ब्रह्मणा च याचितः सन् ।। २५ ।। पित्रा हेतुभूतेन नन्दव्रजमितो गतः । समाः संवत्सरान् । गूढार्चिर्गुप्ततेजाः ।। २६ ।।

Gita Press translation – In order to bring relief to this earth, the Lord was born of Vasudeva and Devakī in the prison-house of Kaṁsa (the chief of the Bhojas) in response to the prayer of Brahmā (the unborn) (25). Having been removed therefrom to Nanda’s Vraja by His father (Vasudeva), who was terribly afraid of Kaṁsa, He lived there with Balarāma (His elder brother) for eleven years, concealing His glory (from the outside world) (26).

(1) एकाधिका दश = एकादश – one plus ten = eleven
Note: एकाधिकाः itself is a तृतीया-तत्पुरुष: compound explained as follows – एकेनाधिकाः = एकाधिकाः – exceeding by one. The compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एकाधिक’ is then used in the following derivation –

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) एकाधिक जस् + दशन् जस् । By 2-1-57 विशेषणं विशेष्येण बहुलम्‌ – A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् denoting a qualifier (adjective) variously compounds with another सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which denotes that which is qualified – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘एकाधिक जस्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-57 (which prescribes the compounding) the term विशेषणम्‌ ends in the nominative case. Hence the adjective ‘एकाधिक जस्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘एकाधिक जस् + दशन् जस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) एकाधिक + दशन् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) एक + दशन् । By the वार्तिकम् – शाकपार्थिवादीनां सिद्धये उत्तरपदलोपस्‍योपसंख्‍यानम् – In order to explain compounds like शाकपार्थिवः, an additional provision is made to allow for the elision of the latter member of a compound (which itself is the prior member of the final compound.) In the present example, the latter member ‘अधिक’ of the compound ‘एकाधिक’ is elided in order to explain the compound ‘एकादश’।
Note: A compound composed using this वार्तिकम् is referred to as a शाकपार्थिवादिसमास: or a मध्यमपदलोपिसमास:।

(6) एकादशन् । There are two possible ways to justify the substitution ‘आ’ (in place of the ending letter ‘अ’ of ‘एक’) in this compound –
i) ‘आत्‌’ इति योगविभागात् – Split the सूत्रम् 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः in to two parts – (a) आत्‌ and (b) महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः। The meaning of part (a) becomes – The ending letter of a पदम् is (sometimes) substituted by ‘आ’ when it is followed by a latter member (of a compound.) We can use this part (a) to justify the substitution ‘आ’ (in place of the ending letter ‘अ’ of ‘एक’) in the compound ‘एकादशन्’।
The अनुवृत्ति: of ‘आत्‌’ is taken into the part (b). Hence the meaning of part (b) is the same as the meaning of the entire सूत्रम् 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः।
ii) ‘5-3-49 प्रागेकादशभ्योऽच्छन्दसि’ इति निर्देशाद्वा – or we use the ज्ञापकम् (indication) given by the सूत्रम् 5-3-49 wherein पाणिनि: himself has used the compound ‘एकादशन्’ in the form एकादशभ्य:।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एकादशन्’ is an adjective since the latter member ‘दशन्’ of the compound is an adjective. Here it is used in the feminine since it is an adjective to समाः। The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्।

(7) एकादशन् + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: ‘एकादशन्’ gets the षट्-सञ्ज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 1-1-24 ष्णान्ता षट् – A numeral stem ending in the letter ‘ष्’ or the letter ‘न्’ gets the designation षट्। This allows the सूत्रम् 7-1-22 to apply in the next step.

See question 1.

(8) एकादशन् । By 7-1-22 षड्भ्यो लुक् – The affixes ‘जस्’ and ‘शस्’ take the लुक् elision when they follow terms that are designated षट्।
Note: Now ‘एकादशन्’ gets the designation पदम् by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्। This allows the सूत्रम् 8-2-7 to apply in the next step.

(9) एकादश । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending letter ‘न्’ of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।

Questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a second case affix (‘शस्’) in the above example?

2. Can you spot the affix ‘सन्’ in the verses?

3. In which word in the verses has the substitution ‘शतृँ’ (in the place of ‘लँट्’) been used?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 1-4-25 भीत्रार्थानां भयहेतुः been used in the verses?

5. In which sense has a third case affix been used in the form पित्रा in the verses?
i) कर्तरि
ii) करणे
iii) हेतौ
iv) None of the above.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Among the eleven Rudras, Śaṅkara is the most worshiped.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पूजिततम’ for ‘most worshiped.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-113 हलि लोपः been used in the verses?

2. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः apply in the form कथयति (used in the commentary)?