Today we will look at the form महादेव mVs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.7.21.

श्रीप्रजापतय ऊचुः
देवदेव महादेव भूतात्मन्भूतभावन । त्राहि नः शरणापन्नांस्त्रैलोक्यदहनाद्विषात् ।। ८-७-२१ ।।
त्वमेकः सर्वजगत ईश्वरो बन्धमोक्षयोः । तं त्वामर्चन्ति कुशलाः प्रपन्नार्तिहरं गुरुम् ।। ८-७-२२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
“निर्गुणं सगुणं चैव शिवं हरिपराक्रमैः ।। स्तुवन्तस्तु प्रजेशाना नामन्यन्ताऽन्तरं तयोः” इति ।। २१ ।।

Gita Press translation – The lords of created beings prayed: O God of gods, O supreme Deity, the Protector, nay, the very Self of (all) created beings, save us, that have sought refuge in You, from this poison, which is burning (all) the three worlds (21). You are the one Lord competent to enthrall and liberate the whole world. Such as You are, the wise worship You, the Preceptor (of the universe), capable of relieving the agony of those who have sought refuge in You (22).

(1) महांश्चासौ देव: = महादेव: – supreme Deity

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) महत् सुँ + देव सुँ । By 2-1-61 सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः पूज्यमानैः – A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which is (composed by adding a सुँप् affix to) ‘सत्’/’महत्’/’परम’/’उत्तम’/’उत्कृष्ट’ optionally compounds with another सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which denotes the one being respected/honored – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The compounds prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-1-61 could also be constructed using the सूत्रम् 2-1-57 विशेषणं विशेष्येण बहुलम्‌। Then what is the purpose of composing the सूत्रम् 2-1-61? गुणक्रियाशब्दैः सह समासे सदादीनां पूर्वनिपातनियमार्थं सूत्रम् – The सूत्रम् 2-1-61 is composed for the purpose of placing the terms सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः in the prior position in the compound. In the absence of this सूत्रम्, the terms सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः would not necessarily be placed in the prior position of the compound when the other member of the compound is a गुणशब्द: (a term denoting a quality) or a क्रियाशब्द: (a term denoting an action.)

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘महत् सुँ’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-61 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘महत् सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘महत् सुँ + देव सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) महत् + देव । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) मह आ + देव । By 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः – The ending letter (‘त्’) of ‘महत्’ is substituted by ‘आ’ when ‘महत्’ is followed by either –
i) a latter member (of a compound) which has समानाधिकरणम् (refers to the same item as does ‘महत्’) or
ii) affix ‘जातीय’ (ref. 5-3-69 प्रकारवचने जातीयर्)।
Note: As per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending letter ‘त्’ of ‘महत्’ is substituted by ‘आ’।

(6) महादेव । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘महादेव’ is masculine since the latter member ‘देव’ of the compound is masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is सम्बुद्धिः। By 2-3-49 एकवचनं सम्बुद्धि: – The nominative singular affix (‘सुँ’) when used in a vocative form gets the designation सम्बुद्धि:।

(7) (हे) महादेव + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote ‘address’ (in addition to the meaning of the nominal stem) also. Note: सम् (सम्मुखीकृत्य) बोधनम् (ज्ञापनम्) = सम्बोधनम्। सम्बोधनम् means drawing someone’s attention (to inform him/her of something.)

(8) (हे) महादेव + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(9) (हे) महादेव । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात्‌ सम्बुद्धेः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in ‘एङ्’ (letter ‘ए’ or ‘ओ’) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-61 सन्महत्परमोत्तमोत्कृष्टाः पूज्यमानैः (used in step 2) been used along with the सूत्रम् 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः (used in step 5) in verses 10-15 of Chapter One of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-3-46 आन्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – समानाधिकरणे किम्‌? महत: सेवा महत्सेवा। Please explain.

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-49 पूर्वकालैकसर्वजरत्पुराणनवकेवलाः समानाधिकरणेन been used in the verses?

4. Can you spot a द्वितीया-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses?

5. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a fifth case affix in the word विषात् (and त्रैलोक्यदहनात्) used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The killing of a cow is a great sin.” Construct a कर्मधार: compound for ‘great sin’ = महच्च तत् पापम्।

Easy questions:

1. Which प्रातिपदिकम् used in the verses has the designation ‘घि’?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-103 तस्माच्छसो नः पुंसि been used in the verses?