Today we will look at the form पुरुषव्याघ्र mVs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.14.13.

शस्ताः कुर्वन्ति मां सव्यं दक्षिणं पशवोऽपरे । वाहांश्च पुरुषव्याघ्र लक्षये रुदतो मम ।। १-१४-१३ ।।
मृत्युदूतः कपोतोऽयमुलूकः कम्पयन्मनः । प्रत्युलूकश्च कुह्वानैरनिद्रौ शून्यमिच्छतः ।। १-१४-१४ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
शस्ता गवादयो मां सव्यं वामं कुर्वन्ति । अपरे गर्दभाद्याः प्रदक्षिणं कुर्वन्ति । वाहानश्वान् ।। १३ ।। अयं कपोतो मृत्युदूतो मृत्युसूचकः । उलूको घूकः । प्रत्युलूकस्तत्प्रतिपक्षो घूकः काको वा । कुह्वानैः कुत्सितशब्दैर्विश्वं शून्यं कर्तुमिच्छतः ।। १४ ।।

Gita Press translation – Good animals (such as the cow) pass by to my left, while other (inauspicious) animals (as the donkey etc.) turn to my right. Nay, I see my horses weeping, O tiger among men (13). This dove, the harbinger of death, as well as the owl and its enemy, the crow, keeping awake all the night, make my heart shudder with their horrible cries and would have the world converted into a desert (14). 

(1) पुरुषो व्याघ्र इव = पुरुषव्याघ्र: – A man (mighty) as a tiger.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) पुरुष सुँ + व्याघ्र सुँ । By 2-1-56 उपमितं व्याघ्रादिभिः सामान्याप्रयोगे – A सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् which denotes that which is to be compared optionally compounds with another सुबन्तं (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदम् composed by adding a सुँप् affix to ‘व्याघ्र’ etc – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item and the common attribute is not mentioned – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
Note: उपमेयमुपमितम् – The word उपमितम् used in this सूत्रम् stands for उपमेयम् – that which is to be compared.

(3) As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् the term ‘पुरुष सुँ’ – which denotes that which is to be compared – gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-56 (which prescribes the compounding) the term उपमितम् ends in the nominative case. And hence the term ‘पुरुष सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘पुरुष सुँ + व्याघ्र सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) पुरुष + व्याघ्र । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= पुरुषव्याघ्र ।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ पुरुषव्याघ्र’ is masculine since the latter member ‘व्याघ्र’ of the compound is masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is सम्बुद्धिः। By 2-3-49 एकवचनं सम्बुद्धि: – The nominative singular affix (‘सुँ’) when used in a vocative form gets the designation सम्बुद्धि:।

(5) (हे) पुरुषव्याघ्र + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote ‘address’ (in addition to the meaning of the nominal stem) also. Note: सम् (सम्मुखीकृत्य) बोधनम् (ज्ञापनम्) = सम्बोधनम्। सम्बोधनम् means drawing someone’s attention (to inform him/her of something.)

(6) (हे) पुरुषव्याघ्र + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) (हे) पुरुषव्याघ्र । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात्‌ सम्बुद्धेः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in ‘एङ्’ (letter ‘ए’ or ‘ओ’) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.

Questions:

1. Where has the form पुरुषव्याघ्र been used in the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-1-56 उपमितं व्याघ्रादिभिः सामान्याप्रयोगे (used in step 2) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – विशेष्यस्य पूर्वनिपातार्थं सूत्रम्‌। Please explain.

3. Commenting further on the same सूत्रम् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – सामान्याप्रयोगे किम्‌? पुरुषो व्याघ्र इव शूर:। Please explain.

4. Can you spot a षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: compound in the verses? Can you spot a कर्मधारय: compound in the commentary?

5. Which कृत् affix is used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सूचक’ (used in the compound मृत्युसूचकः in the commentary?)

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
Śrī Kṛṣṇa said to Arjuna – “You are a man who is (brave) like a tiger. Get up and fight. You shall conquer the enemies in battle.” Use the verbal root √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘उद्’ for ‘to get up.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-79 न भकुर्छुराम् been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘छ्’ in the form इच्छतः used in the verses?