Today we will look at the form विवेकनिपुणाः mNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 11.24.2.
आसीज्ज्ञानमथो अर्थ एकमेवाविकल्पितम् । यदा विवेकनिपुणा आदौ कृतयुगेऽयुगे ।। ११-२४-२ ।।
तन्मायाफलरूपेण केवलं निर्विकल्पितम् । वाङ्मनोऽगोचरं सत्यं द्विधा समभवद्बृहत् ।। ११-२४-३ ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
अथोशब्दः कार्त्स्न्ये । ज्ञानं द्रष्टा तेन दृश्यः कृत्स्नोऽप्यर्थश्चाविकल्पितम् । विकल्पशून्यमेकमेव । ब्रह्मण्येव लीनमासीदित्यर्थः । कदेत्यपेक्षायामाह – अयुगे युगेभ्यः पूर्वम्, प्रलय इत्यर्थः । तथा आदौ यत्कृतयुगं तस्मिंश्चान्यदापि यदा विवेकनिपुणा जना भवन्ति तदापि तेषां भेदास्फूर्तेः ।। २ ।। तद्बृहद्ब्रह्म वाङ्मनोऽगोचरं यथा भवति तथा माया दृश्यं फलं तत्प्रकाशस्तद्रूपेण मायाविलासरूपेण वा द्विधाभूत् ।। ३ ।।
Translation – During the period of final dissolution (before the Yugas began to run their course), in the very first Satya Yuga (at the beginning of creation) and whenever there are men shrewd of judgement, (in their eyes too) the subjective consciousness (in the shape of the seer) as well as the entire objective existence was one absolutely undifferentiated substance (Brahma) indeed (2). That absolute undifferentiated reality, Brahma (the Infinite), which is beyond the ken of speech and the mind, became dual (as it were) in the shape of Māyā (objective existence) and that which is reflected in it (viz., the Jīva or the seer) (3).
(1) विवेके निपुणः = विवेकनिपुणः – shrewd of (in) judgment.
अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) विवेक ङि + निपुण सुँ । By 2-1-40 सप्तमी शौण्डैः – A पदम् ending in a seventh case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् composed by adding a सुँप् affix to ‘शौण्ड’ etc and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: The शौण्डादि-गण: is listed in the गणपाठ: as follows – शौण्ड। धूर्त। कितव। व्याड। प्रवीण। संवीत। अन्तर्। अधि। पटु। पण्डित। कुशल। चपल। निपुण।
See question 1.
(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘विवेक ङि’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-40 (which prescribes the compounding) the term सप्तमी ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘विवेक ङि’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम् – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘विवेक ङि + निपुण सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम् by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.
(4) विवेक + निपुण । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।
= विवेकनिपुण ।
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विवेकनिपुण’ is masculine since the latter member ‘निपुण’ of the compound is used in the masculine here. (As shown in the commentary, the compound ‘विवेकनिपुण’ is qualifying the masculine noun ‘जन’।) The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।
(5) विवेकनिपुण + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
(6) विवेकनिपुण + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।
(7) विवेकनिपुणास् । 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When an अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)
(8) विवेकनिपुणाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
Questions:
1. The वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 2-1-40 सप्तमी शौण्डैः (used in step 2) says – सप्तम्यन्तं शौण्डादिभि: सुबन्तै: सह वा समस्यते स तत्पुरुष:। Commenting on this the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – बहुवचननिर्देशाद्गणपाठसामर्थ्याच्च आद्यर्थावगति:। Please explain.
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘क्’ in the formation of the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विवेक’ (used as part of the compound ‘विवेकनिपुण’)?
3. Can you spot the affix ‘ल्युट्’ in the verses?
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-44 ल्वादिभ्यः been used in the commentary?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In India even today there are many people who are proficient in grammar.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पण्डित’ for ‘proficient.’ Form a compound for ‘proficient in grammar.’
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My brother is a skilled musician.” Paraphrase to “My brother is skilled in music.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रवीण’ for ‘skilled’ and the neuter noun ‘संगीत’ for ‘music.’ Form a compound for ‘skilled in music.’
Easy questions:
1. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति apply between अथो + अर्थ:?
2. In the commentary can you spot a word in which the affix ‘सिँच्’ has taken the लुक् elision?
1. The वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 2-1-40 सप्तमी शौण्डैः (used in step 2) says – सप्तम्यन्तं शौण्डादिभि: सुबन्तै: सह वा समस्यते स तत्पुरुष:। Commenting on this the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – बहुवचननिर्देशाद्गणपाठसामर्थ्याच्च आद्यर्थावगति:। Please explain.
Answer: The word शौण्डैः (used in this सूत्रम् 2-1-40) should be understood as शौण्डादिभि:। The addition of ‘आदि’ (meaning ‘etc’) is justified by the fact that शौण्डैः is a plural form and also by the fact that the शौण्डादि-गण: is listed in the गणपाठ:।
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘क्’ in the formation of the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विवेक’ (used as part of the compound ‘विवेकनिपुण’)?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-52 चजोः कु घिण्ण्यतोः prescribes the substitution ‘क्’ in the formation of the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विवेक’ – derived from the verbal root √विच् (विचिँर् पृथग्भावे ७. ५) preceded by the उपसर्गः ’वि’।
विच् + घञ् । By 3-3-18 भावे।
= विच् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= वेच् + अ । By 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च।
= वेक् + अ । By 7-3-52 चजोः कु घिण्ण्यतोः – The letter ‘च्’ or the letter ‘ज्’ is replaced by a letter of the क-वर्गः when followed by either –
i) an affix which has the letter ‘घ्’ as a इत् or
ii) the affix ण्यत्।
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः, the letter ‘च्’ takes the closest substitute – the letter ‘क्’ – from the क-वर्गः।
= वेक ।
‘वेक’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘वि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
वि + वेक = विवेक । ’विवेक’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
Note: घञबन्त: (लिङ्गानुशासनम् २.२) – A प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the affix ‘घञ्’ or ‘अप्’ is used in the masculine gender.
3. Can you spot the affix ‘ल्युट्’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ल्युट् occurs in the form ज्ञानम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ज्ञान’, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √ज्ञा (ज्ञा अवबोधने ९. ४३).
ज्ञा + ल्युट् । By 3-3-115 ल्युट् च – (In addition to the affix ‘क्त’ prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 3-3-114) the affix ल्युट् may also be used following a verbal root to denote in the neuter gender the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state.
= ज्ञा + यु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= ज्ञा + अन । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= ज्ञान । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
‘ज्ञान’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-2-44 ल्वादिभ्यः been used in the commentary?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 8-2-44 ल्वादिभ्यः has been used in the commentary in the derivation of the form लीनम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘लीन’, नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)। Please see the following post for the derivation of the प्रातिपिकम् ‘लीन’ from the verbal root √ली (ली श्लेषणे ९. ३६) – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/11/30/लीनेषु-nlp/
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In India even today there are many people who are proficient in grammar.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पण्डित’ for ‘proficient.’ Form a compound for ‘proficient in grammar.’
Answer: भारतदेशे अद्य अपि बहवः व्याकरणपण्डिताः (जनाः) सन्ति = भारतदेशेऽद्यापि बहवो व्याकरणपण्डिताः सन्ति।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My brother is a skilled musician.” Paraphrase to “My brother is skilled in music.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रवीण’ for ‘skilled’ and the neuter noun ‘संगीत’ for ‘music.’ Form a compound for ‘skilled in music.’
Answer: मम भ्राता संगीतप्रवीणः अस्ति = मम भ्राता संगीतप्रवीणोऽस्ति।
Easy questions:
1. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति apply between अथो + अर्थ:?
Answer: The term अथो is listed in the चादि-गणः (ref: 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे)। Hence it gets the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः। And it gets the designation ‘प्रगृह्य’ by 1-1-15 ओत् – A निपात: ending in the letter ‘ओ’ gets the name ‘प्रगृह्य’।
As per the सूत्रम् 6-1-125 प्लुतप्रगृह्या अचि नित्यम् – (We will ignore the term ‘प्लुत’ because it seldom has application in classical Sanskrit.) Terms which are designated as ‘प्रगृह्य’ retain their natural state when followed by a vowel.
Hence अथो (which is followed by the vowel ‘अ’ of अर्थः) retains its natural state which means that it does not undergo the सन्धि-कार्यम् which would have been done by the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति।
2. In the commentary can you spot a word in which the affix ‘सिँच्’ has taken the लुक् elision?
Answer: The affix ‘सिँच्’ has taken the लुक् elision in the form अभूत् – derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १).
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form अभूत् –
http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/16/अभूत्-3as-लुँङ्-2/