Today we will look at the form सीताम् fAs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6.4.4.
सीतां हृत्वा तु तद् यातु क्वासौ यास्यति जीवितः । सीता श्रुत्वाभियानं मे आशामेष्यति जीविते । जीवितान्तेऽमृतं स्पृष्ट्वा पीत्वामृतमिवातुरः ।। ६-४-४ ।।
उत्तराफल्गुनी ह्यद्य श्वस्तु हस्तेन योक्ष्यते । अभिप्रयाम सुग्रीव सर्वानीकसमावृताः ।। ६-४-५ ।।
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि यानि प्रादुर्भवन्ति वै । निहत्य रावणं सीतामानयिष्यामि जानकीम् ।। ६-४-६ ।।
Gita Press translation “Let that ogre for his part return (to his abode) after abducting Sītā; but he cannot escape alive. Hearing (from the mouth of Siddhas and others) of my march (to Laṅkā), Sītā (too) will regain her (lost) hope of survival, even as an ailing man would on touching an immortalizing herb or quaffing the drink of immortality at the close of his life.(4) The constellation of Uttarāphālgunī is actually in the ascendant today, while tomorrow the moon will be in conjunction with the constellation Hasta. Let us (therefore) march (this very day), accompanied by all the troops, O Sugrīva!(5) From the omens which actually appear on my person and which I behold I conclude that, killing Rāvaṇa, I shall bring back Sītā, Janaka’s daughter.(6)”
The above verses have been published previously in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/03/20/योक्ष्यते-3ps-लृँट्/
सीताम् is द्वितीया-एकवचनम् of the स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सीता’।
(1) सीता + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् – A sixth case affix (‘ङस्’, ‘ओस्’, ‘आम्’) is not used (to denote कर्ता (the doer) or कर्म (the object)) of an action denoted by any one of the following –
(i) (a word ending in a substitute in place of) the affix ‘ल्’ (लँट्, लिँट् etc.)
(ii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उ’ or an affix ending in ‘उ’
(iii) (a word ending in) the affix ‘उक’
(iv) an indeclinable
(v) (a word ending in) a निष्ठा affix (ref. 1-1-26 क्तक्तवतू निष्ठा।)
(vi) (a word ending in) the affix ‘खल्’ or any affix having the same meaning as that of ‘खल्’
(vii) (a word ending in) an affix from the प्रत्याहार: ‘तृन्’ which is formed starting from ‘तृ’ in 3-2-124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे down to 3-2-135 तृन्।
In the present example the object ‘सीता’ is associated with the indeclinable हृत्वा (‘after abducting’), which ends in the affix ‘क्त्वा’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले। ‘हृत्वा’ gets the designation अव्ययम् by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः। Therefore ‘सीता’ takes the second case affix ‘अम्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया) and not the sixth case affix ‘ङस्’ (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति)।
(2) सीताम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
Questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् been used for the first time in the गीता?
2. In how many other places (besides in सीताम्) has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् been used in the verses?
3. Can you spot the affix ल्युट् in the verses?
4. Is there an alternate form for निहत्य?
5. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-58 सृजिदृशोर्झल्यमकिति apply in the form स्पृष्ट्वा? (Which condition is not satisfied?)
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Seeing (having seen) Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s gentle form Arjuna was at ease again.” Paraphrase to “Seeing (having seen) Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s gentle form Arjuna obtained ease again.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सौम्य’ for ‘gentle’ and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्वास्थ्य’ for ‘ease.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-86 एरुः been used in the verses?
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘स्य’ in the form यास्यति?
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् been used for the first time in the गीता?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् has been used for the first time in the गीता in the compound form पाण्डवानीकम् (पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पाण्डवानीक’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।
सञ्जय उवाच |
दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा |
आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् || 1-2||
Here the object ‘पाण्डवानीक’ is associated with the indeclinable दृष्ट्वा (‘having seen’), which ends in the affix ‘क्त्वा’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले। ‘दृष्ट्वा’ gets the designation अव्ययम् by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः। Therefore the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् prevents ‘पाण्डवानीक’ from taking a sixth case affix (which would have been prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति) and instead ‘पाण्डवानीक’ takes the second case affix ‘अम्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया)।
2. In how many other places (besides in सीताम्) has the सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम् has been used in the forms अभियानम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभियान’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – associated with the indeclinable श्रुत्वा (‘after hearing’),
अमृतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अमृत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – associated with the indeclinable स्पृष्ट्वा (‘after touching’),
अमृतम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अमृत’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – associated with the indeclinable पीत्वा (‘after drinking’)
and रावणम् (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘रावण’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – associated with the indeclinable निहत्य (‘after killing’).
3. Can you spot the affix ल्युट् in the verses?
Answer: The affix ल्युट् occurs in the form अभियानम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अभियान’, द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √या (या प्रापणे २. ४४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अभि’।
या + ल्युट् । By 3-3-115 ल्युट् च – (In addition to the affix ‘क्त’ prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 3-3-114) the affix ल्युट् may also be used following a verbal root to denote in the neuter gender the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state.
= या + यु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= या + अन । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
= यान । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
अभि + यान । ‘यान’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘अभि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
= अभियान । ‘अभियान’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
4. Is there an alternate form for निहत्य?
Answer: There is no alternate form for निहत्य – derived from the verbal root √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘नि’।
The सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी on the सूत्रम् 6-4-38 वा ल्यपि says – व्यवस्थितविभाषेयम् । तेन मान्तानिटां वा, नान्तानिटां वनादीनां च नित्यम्।
व्यवस्थित-विभाषा means – An option which does not apply universally in all instances of a rule, which prescribes an operation optionally, but applies necessarily in some cases, and does not apply at all in the other cases, the total result being an option regarding the conduct of the rule.
The सूत्रम् 6-4-38 prescribes an operation (elision of the final nasal consonant of certain verbal roots) optionally (वा)। But this option is not universal. It is a व्यवस्थित-विभाषा। The operation is optional in the case of the verbal roots which end in the letter ‘म्’ and do not allow the augment इट्। In the remaining cases – of the verbal roots which end in the letter ‘न्’ and do not allow the augment इट् and also of the verbal root √वन् (वनँ शब्दे १. ५३३, वनँ सम्भक्तौ १. ५३४, वनुँ च नोच्यते १. ९१५) and the verbal roots belonging to the तनादि-गणः – the elision is invariable (not optional.)
5. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 6-1-58 सृजिदृशोर्झल्यमकिति apply in the form स्पृष्ट्वा? (Which condition is not satisfied?)
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-58 सृजिदृशोर्झल्यमकिति does not apply in the form स्पृष्ट्वा because the affix ‘क्त्वा’ that follows the verbal root √सृज् is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्)। As per the सूत्रम् 6-1-58 सृजिदृशोर्झल्यमकिति – When followed by a अकित् (does not have the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) affix which begins with a झल् letter, the verbal root √सृज् (सृजँ विसर्गे ४. ७५, ६. १५०) as well as √दृश् (दृशिँर् प्रेक्षणे १. ११४३) gets the augment अम्।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Seeing (having seen) Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s gentle form Arjuna was at ease again.” Paraphrase to “Seeing (having seen) Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s gentle form Arjuna obtained ease again.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सौम्य’ for ‘gentle’ and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्वास्थ्य’ for ‘ease.’
Answer: श्रीकृष्णस्य सौम्यम् रूपम् दृष्ट्वा अर्जुनः पुनः स्वास्थ्यम् प्राप = श्रीकृष्णस्य सौम्यं रूपं दृष्ट्वार्जुनः पुनः स्वास्थ्यं प्राप।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-86 एरुः been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-4-86 एरुः has been used in the verses in the form यातु – derived from the verbal root √या (या प्रापणे २. ४४).
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form यातु – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/27/हनिष्यति-3as-लृँट्/#comment-3352
2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the affix ‘स्य’ in the form यास्यति?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-1-33 स्यतासी लृलुटोः prescribes the affix ‘स्य’ in यास्यति – derived from the verbal root √या (या प्रापणे २. ४४).
Please see answer to easy question 2 in the following comment for derivation of the form यास्यति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2014/02/27/ब्रह्मावर्तम्-mas/#comment-34947