Today we will look at the form आपगाः fNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10.47.33.

एतदन्तः समाम्नायो योगः साङ्ख्यं मनीषिणाम् ।
त्यागस्तपो दमः सत्यं समुद्रान्ता इवापगाः ∥ १०-४७-३३ ∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तावता च कृतार्थो भवतीत्याह – एतदन्त इति । एष मनोनिरोधः अन्तः समाप्तिः फलं यस्य सः । समाम्नायो वेदः। स तत्र पर्यवस्यतीत्यर्थः । योगोऽष्टाङ्गः । सांख्यमात्मानात्मविवेकः। त्यागः संन्यासः। तपः स्वधर्मः। दम इन्द्रियदमनम्। मार्गभेदेऽप्येकत्र पर्यवसाने दृष्टान्तः – समुद्रान्ता आपगा नद्य इवेति ∥ ३३ ∥

Gita Press translation – “In the eyes of the wise, (the teachings of) the Vedas, the (eightfold) path of Yoga, the Sāṅkhya system of philosophy (which differentiates Matter from the Spirit), renunciation, suffering hardships for the sake of one’s faith, subjugation of one’s senses and truthfulness have their goal in mind-control even as rivers terminate in the ocean (33).

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आप’ used in the compound आपगाः is derived as follows –
अपां समूहः = आपम् – a collection of waters

(1) अप् आम् + अण् । By 4-2-37 तस्य समूहः – To denote a collection/group, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a genitive case affix and has a base denoting that of which the collection is intended.
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 4-2-47 अचित्तहस्तिधेनोष्ठक् – To denote a collection, the तद्धित: affix ‘ठक्’ may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a genitive case affix and has as its base a term denoting an inanimate object, or the term ‘हस्तिन्’ or ‘धेनु’।
Hence if waters were considered inanimate, as per the सूत्रम् 4-2-47, the affix ‘ठक्’ would have applied in the present example. By the fact that the affix ‘अण्’ (and not the affix ‘ठक्’) has been used to form the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आप’, we can infer that waters are not considered inanimate.

(2) अप् आम् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘अप् आम् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) अप् + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) आप् + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

= आप ।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) काकानां समूहः = काकम् – a flock of crows
२) वकानां समूहः = वाकम् – a fight of cranes
३) वृकाणां समूहः = वार्कम् – a pack of wolves

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आपगा’ is a उपपद-समासः, derived as follows –
आपेन गच्छतीति = आपगा (नदी) – (a river) which goes (flows) with a collection of waters

(5) आप + टा + गम् + ड । By the वार्तिकम् (under 3-2-48 अन्तात्यन्ताध्वदूरपारसर्वानन्तेषु डः) अन्यत्रापि दृश्यत इति वक्तव्यम् – The affix ‘ड’ may be used after the verbal root √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७) when in composition with a उपपदम् which could be other than those specifically listed in 3-2-48 अन्तात्यन्ताध्वदूरपारसर्वानन्तेषु डः।
Note: In the above वार्तिकम्, the term अन्यत्र is in the seventh (locative) case. Hence ‘आप + टा’ gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌।

(6) आप + टा + गम् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) आप + टा + ग् + अ । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has the letter ‘ड्’ as an indicatory letter. Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having the letter ‘ड्’ as a इत् in the affix ‘ड’। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।

= आप + टा + ग ।

We form a compound between ‘आप + टा’ (which is the उपपदम्) and ‘ग’ by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation ‘उपपद’ (in this case ‘आप टा’) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case ‘ग’) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.

In the compound, ‘आप + टा’ is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here ‘आप + टा’ is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case ‘उपपदम्’) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation ‘उपसर्जन’।

‘आप + टा + ग’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(8) आप + ग । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= आपग ।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आपग’ is an adjective. In the present example, it refers to the feminine noun ‘नदी’। Hence we form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आपगा’ by adding the feminine affix टाप् as follows –

(9) आपग + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्‌ – The प्रातिपदिकानि ‘अज’ etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in the letter ‘अ’ get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.

(10) आपग + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(11) आपगा । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्। Hence the form is आपगाः।

Today we will look at the form पितामही fNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb9.24.55.

अष्टमस्तु तयोरासीत्स्वयमेव हरिः किल ।
सुभद्रा च महाभागा तव राजन्पितामही ∥ ९-२४-५५ ∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
अष्टमस्तु स्वयमेवासीन्नतु कर्मादिना हेतुना ताभ्यां जनितो वा, यतोऽसौ हरिः ∥ ५५ ∥

Gita Press translation- While the eighth son of (the blessed) Vasudeva and Devakī indeed was Lord Śrī Hari Himself. And the highly blessed Subhadrā, your grandmother was their daughter, O king! (55)”

पितुर्माता = पितामही – grandmother (father’s mother)

First, we derive the masculine form ‘पितामह’ as follows –

(1) पितृ ङस् + डामहच् । By 4-2-36 पितृव्यमातुलमातामहपितामहाः – The forms ‘पितृव्य’, ‘मातुल’, ‘मातामह’ and ‘पितामह’ are given as ready-made forms. They are used in the meaning of ‘father’s brother’, ‘mother’s brother’, ‘mother’s father’ and ‘father’s father’ respectively.
Note: As per the वार्तिकम् ‘मातृपितृभ्यां पितरि डामहच्’ – The affix ‘डामहच्’ is to be applied to get the final forms ‘पितामह’ and ‘मातामह’ (listed in the सूत्रम् 4-2-36) – which denote father’s father and mother’s father respectively.

(2) पितृ ङस् + आमह । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘पितृ ङस् + आमह’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) पितृ + आमह । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘डामहच्’ is a डित् (has the letter ‘ड्’ as a इत्) and the अङ्गम् ‘पितृ’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम्। This allows 6-4-143 टेः to apply in the next step.

(4) पित् + आमह । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि-portion (ref: 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि) takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has the letter ‘ड्’ as an indicatory letter.

= पितामह ।

Now we apply the appropriate feminine affix.

(5) पितामह + ङीष् । By 4-1-41 षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च – In the feminine gender the affix ‘ङीष्’ is prescribed following a प्रातिपदिकम् which either (i) contains the letter ‘ष्’ as a ‘इत्’ or (ii) belongs to the class of words beginning with ‘गौर’।
Note: The affix ‘डामहच्’ is considered to be a षित् (having the letter ‘ष्’ as a इत्) as per the वार्तिकम् (under 4-2-36 पितृव्यमातुलमातामहपितामहाः) ‘मातरि षिच्च’ – When used in the sense of a mother, the affix ‘डामहच्’ (implied by the ready-made forms ‘मातामह’ and ‘पितामह’ listed in the सूत्रम् 4-2-36) is considered to be a षित् (having the letter ‘ष्’ as a इत्)। This enables 4-1-41 षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च to apply.
Note: Some grammarians consider the forms ‘मातामह’ and ‘पितामह’ as belonging to the गौरादि-गणः, which enables the application of the सूत्रम् 4-1-41 षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च। Hence according to them the वार्तिकम् ‘मातरि षिच्च’ is not necessary.

(6) पितामह + ई । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘पितामह’ has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here as per the सूत्रम् 1-4-18 यचि भम्। This allows the सूत्रम् 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(7) पितामह् + ई । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= पितामही । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पितामही’ declines like नदी-शब्द:।

Similarly, we can derive the form –
१) मातुर्माता = मातामही – grandmother (mother’s mother)

Today we will look at the form पितृव्यः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10.48.29.

श्रीभगवानुवाच
त्वं नो गुरुः पितृव्यश्च श्लाघ्यो बन्धुश्च नित्यदा ।
वयं तु रक्ष्याः पोष्याश्च अनुकम्प्याः प्रजा हि वः ∥ १०-४८-२९ ∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
वो युष्माकं प्रजाः पुत्रा हि वयमिति ∥ २९ ∥

Gita Press translation – The glorious Lord said: “You are our preceptor (counsellor) and uncle, nay, our praiseworthy friend. We ever deserve to be protected, nourished and treated with compassion by you, as a matter of fact, since we are your children (29).”

पितुर्भ्राता = पितृव्यः – uncle (father’s brother)

(1) पितृ ङस् + व्यत् । By 4-2-36 पितृव्यमातुलमातामहपितामहाः – The forms ‘पितृव्य’, ‘मातुल’, ‘मातामह’ and ‘पितामह’ are given as ready-made forms. They are used in the meaning of father’s brother, mother’s brother, mother’s father and father’s father respectively.

Note: As per the वार्तिकम् ‘पितुर्भ्रातरि व्यत्’ – The affix ‘व्यत्’ is to be applied to get the final form ‘पितृव्य’ (listed in the सूत्रम् 4-2-36) – which denotes father’s brother.

(2) पितृ ङस् + व्य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘पितृ ङस् + व्य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) पितृ + व्य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= पितृव्य । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पितृव्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

Today we will look at the form आग्नेयस्य nGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10.63.13.

ब्रह्मास्त्रस्य च ब्रह्मास्त्रं वायव्यस्य च पार्वतम् ।
आग्नेयस्य च पार्जन्यं नैजं पाशुपतस्य च ∥ १०-६३-१३ ∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
प्रत्यस्त्राण्येवाह – ब्रह्मास्त्रस्येति । नैजं नारायणास्त्रम् ∥ १३ ∥

Gita Press translation “Against Brahmāstra He employed Brahmāstra; against Vāyavyāstra He employed the Pārvatāstra; against the fiery missile He employed the Pārjanyāstra and against the Pāśupatāstra He employed His own Nārāyaṇāstra (13).

The above verse has previously appeared in the following posts – पाशुपतस्य nGs and वायव्यस्य nGs

अग्निर्देवतास्‍येति = आग्नेयम् (अस्त्रम्) – (a missile) of which Agni is the presiding deity.
In the verses the विवक्षा is षष्ठी-एकवचनम्। Hence the form is आग्नेयस्य।

(1) अग्नि सुँ + ढक् । By 4-2-33 अग्नेर्ढक् – To denote something of the deity ‘अग्नि’, the तद्धित: affix ‘ढक्’ may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a nominative case affix and has a base denoting the name of the presiding deity ‘अग्नि’।
Note: The affix ‘ढक्’ prescribed by 4-2-33 अग्नेर्ढक् is अपवादः to the affix ‘अण्’ which would have applied (as per the सूत्रम् 4-2-24 सास्य देवता)।

(2) अग्नि सुँ + ढ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: The fact that the सूत्रम् 7-1-2 आयनेयीनीयियः फढखछघां प्रत्ययादीनाम्‌ (used in step 4) specifically prescribes the substitution ‘एय्’ in place of the letter ‘ढ्’ occurring in the beginning of an affix, obviously implies that the letter ‘ढ्’ in the beginning of an affix (such as ढक्) does not get the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-7 चुटू‌। Because, otherwise the letter ‘ढ्’ would be elided by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘अग्नि सुँ + ढ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) अग्नि + ढ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) अग्नि + एय् अ । By 7-1-2 आयनेयीनीयियः फढखछघां प्रत्ययादीनाम्‌ – The letters ‘फ्’, ‘ढ्’, ‘ख्’, ‘छ्’ and ‘घ्’ – when they occur at the beginning of a प्रत्यय: (affix) – are replaced respectively by ‘आयन्’, ‘एय्’, ‘ईन्’, ‘ईय्’ and ‘इय्’।
Note: As per the सूत्रम् 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, the substitutions take place respectively.

Note: The affix ढक् is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) and this allows 7-2-118 to apply in the next step.

(5) आग्नि + एय । By 7-2-118 किति च – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is a कित् (has the letter ‘क्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘आग्नि’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(6) आग्न् + एय । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= आग्नेय । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आग्नेय’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun अस्त्रम्। Hence, it declines like वन-शब्दः।

Today we will look at the form वायव्यस्य nGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10.63.13.

ब्रह्मास्त्रस्य च ब्रह्मास्त्रं वायव्यस्य च पार्वतम् ।
आग्नेयस्य च पार्जन्यं नैजं पाशुपतस्य च ∥१०-६३-१३∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
प्रत्यस्त्राण्येवाह – ब्रह्मास्त्रस्येति । नैजं नारायणास्त्रम् ∥१३∥

Gita Press translation – “Against Brahmāstra He employed Brahmāstra; against Vāyavyāstra He employed the Pārvatāstra; against the fiery missile He employed the Pārjanyāstra and against the Pāśupatāstra He employed His own Nārāyaṇāstra (13).

The above verse has previously appeared in the following post – पाशुपतस्य nGs

वायुर्देवतास्‍येति = वायव्यम् (अस्त्रम्) – (a missile) of which Vāyu is the presiding deity.
In the verses the विवक्षा is षष्ठी-एकवचनम्। Hence the form is वायव्यस्य।

(1) वायु सुँ + यत् । By 4-2-31 वाय्वृतुपित्रुषसो यत्‌ – To denote something of the deity ‘वायु’ or ‘ऋतु’ or ‘पितृ’ or ‘उषस्’, the तद्धित: affix ‘यत्’ may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a nominative case affix and has a base denoting the name of that presiding deity.

Note: The affix ‘यत्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-2-31 वाय्वृतुपित्रुषसो यत्‌ is अपवादः to the affix ‘अण्’ which would have applied (as per the सूत्रम् 4-2-24 सास्य देवता)।

(2) वायु सुँ + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘वायु सुँ + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) वायु + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘वायु’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः to apply in the next step.

(4) वायो + य । By 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः – When followed by a तद्धितः affix, the ending letter ‘उ’/’ऊ’ of a अङ्गम् which has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-4-18 यचि भम्) takes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’)।

(5) वायव् + य । By 6-1-79 वान्तो यि प्रत्यये – When followed by an affix which begins with the letter ‘य्’, the letters ‘ओ’ and ‘औ’ are replaced by ‘अव्’ and ‘आव्’ respectively.

= वायव्य । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वायव्य’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun अस्त्रम्। Hence, it declines like वन-शब्दः।

Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) ऋतुर्देवतास्‍येति = ऋतव्यम् (हविः) – (an oblation) of which Ṛtu is the presiding deity.

Today we will look at the form पाशुपतस्य nGs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10.63.13.

ब्रह्मास्त्रस्य च ब्रह्मास्त्रं वायव्यस्य च पार्वतम् ।
आग्नेयस्य च पार्जन्यं नैजं पाशुपतस्य च ∥ १०-६३-१३ ∥

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
प्रत्यस्त्राण्येवाह – ब्रह्मास्त्रस्येति । नैजं नारायणास्त्रम् ∥ १३ ∥

Gita Press translation “Against Brahmāstra He employed Brahmāstra; against Vāyavyāstra He employed the Pārvatāstra; against the fiery missile He employed the Pārjanyāstra and against the Pāśupatāstra He employed His own Nārāyaṇāstra (13).

पशुपतिर्देवतास्‍येति = पाशुपतम् (अस्त्रम्) – (a missile) of which Lord Śiva is the presiding deity.
In the verses the विवक्षा is षष्ठी-एकवचनम्। Hence the form is पाशुपतस्य।

(1) पशुपति सुँ + अण् । By 4-2-24 सास्य देवता – To denote something of a particular deity, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a nominative case affix and has a base denoting the name of that presiding deity.
Note: Since the base ‘पशुपति’ is a compound with ‘पति’ as its final member, the affix ‘ण्य’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-85 दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः) overrules the default affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्)। But since ‘पशुपति’ is specifically listed in the अश्वपत्यादि-गण:, the affix ‘ण्य’ is in turn overruled by the affix ‘अण्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-84 अश्वपत्यादिभ्यश्च – The तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ is authorized for all rules from here (4-1-84) down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्, provided it is applied to a पदम् which has ‘अश्वपति’ etc (listed in the अश्वपत्यादि-गण:) as its base.

(2) पशुपति सुँ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘पशुपति सुँ + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) पशुपति + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) पाशुपति + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘पाशुपति’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) पाशुपत् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= पाशुपत । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पाशुपत’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun अस्त्रम्। Hence, it declines like वन-शब्दः।

Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) गणपतिर्देवतास्‍येति = गाणपतः (मन्त्रः) – (a mantra) of which Lord Gaṇeśa is the presiding deity.

Today we will look at the form शैवम् nAs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1.27.6.

तानि दिव्यानि भद्रं ते ददाम्यस्त्राणि सर्वशः । दण्डचक्रं महद्दिव्यं तव दास्यामि राघव ∥ १-२७-४ ∥
धर्मचक्रं ततो वीर कालचक्रं तथैव च । विष्णुचक्रं तथात्युग्रमैन्द्रमस्त्रं तथैव च ∥ १-२७-५ ∥
वज्रमस्त्रं नरश्रेष्ठ शैवं शूलवरं तथा । अस्त्रं ब्रह्मशिरश्चैव ऐषीकमपि राघव ∥ १-२७-६ ∥

Gita Press Translation – “I deliver to you all those celestial missiles, may good betide you! I shall deliver to you, O scion of Raghu, the great and ethereal Daṇḍa-Cakra and then the Dharma-Cakra, O gallant prince, as well as the Kāla-Cakra, also the Viṣṇu-Cakra as well as the most formidable Indra-Cakra and the missile in the shape of a thunderbolt, O jewel among men, similarly the Śūla (of Śiva), the best among all, presided over by Lord Śiva, as well as the missile called Brahmaśirā and even the Aiṣīka (that employed through the medium of a reed, rush or stem of grass). O scion of Raghu!” (4-6)

शिवो देवतास्‍येति = शैवम् (शूलम्) – (The trident) of which Lord Śiva is the presiding deity.
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्। Hence the form is शैवम्।

(1) शिव सुँ + अण् । By 4-2-24 सास्य देवता – To denote something of a particular deity, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a nominative case affix and has a base denoting the name of that presiding deity.

(2) शिव सुँ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘शिव सुँ + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) शिव + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) शैव + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘शैव’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) शैव् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= शैव । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शैव’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun शूलम्। Hence, it declines like वन-शब्दः।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) इन्‍द्रो देवतास्‍येति = ऐन्‍द्रम् (हविः) – (an oblation) of which Indra is the presiding deity.

Today we will look at the form मघा fNs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1.71.24.

मघा ह्यद्य महाबाहो तृतीयदिवसे प्रभो ।
फल्गुन्यामुत्तरे राजंस्तस्मिन्वैवाहिकं कुरु ।
रामलक्ष्मणयोरर्थे दानं कार्यं सुखोदयम् ∥ १-७१-२४ ∥

Translation – “Indeed the constellation Maghā is in the ascendant today, O mighty-armed king! On the third day, when the celebrated Uttarā Phalgunī mansion is in the ascendant, my lord, perform the wedding ceremony. Charity, which is calculated to bring happiness in its wake, should be made for the welfare of Śrī Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (4).”

अद्य मघा (‘मघया युक्तो मघा कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः) – Today is Maghā (meaning that – the time in which the moon is in conjunction with the constellation Maghā, occurs today.)

(1) मघा टा + अण् । By 4-2-3 नक्षत्रेण युक्तः कालः – To denote a time (in which the moon is) in conjunction with a particular constellation, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a third case affix and has a base denoting that particular constellation.

Note: ‘मघा टा + अण्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(2) मघा + अण् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(3) मघा । By 4-2-4 लुबविशेषे – To denote a time (in which the moon is) in conjunction with a particular constellation, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 4-2-3 नक्षत्रेण युक्तः कालः) takes the लुप् elision, provided the entire 24-hour (60-ghatikā) day is being specified and not any sub-division of it.

Note: The सूत्रम् 1-1-63 न लुमताङ्गस्य prevents the सूत्रम् 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः from applying.

As per the सूत्रम् 1-2-51 लुपि युक्तवद्व्यक्तिवचने – When an affix takes the लुप् elision, then the gender and number of the derived form follows that of the base.

Therefore, the derived प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मघा’ is declined in the feminine singular, complying with the gender and number of the base ‘मघा’। Hence प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is मघा।

Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) अद्य पुष्यः (‘पुष्येण युक्तः पुष्यः कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः)।
२) अद्य कृत्तिकाः (‘कृत्तिकाभिर्युक्तः कृत्तिकाः कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः)।

Today we will look at the form काषायवासिनी fNs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 7.97.13.

सर्वान्समागतान्दृष्ट्वा सीता काषायवासिनी । अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यमधोदृष्टिरवाङ्मुखी ∥ ७-९७-१३ ∥
यथाहं राघवादन्यं मनसापि न चिन्तये । तथा मे माधवी देवी विवरं दातुमर्हति ∥ ७-९७-१५ ∥

Gita Press Translation – Sītā, wearing a brown garment, having seen all of them arrived, with folded hands, keeping her gaze downwards and face cast down said: (13) “As I have not contemplated about anyone other than the scion of Raghu even in mind, so the goddess Mādhavī (the earth-goddess) may provide space to me (to enter).” (14)

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ used in the form काषायवासिनी is derived as follows –
कषायेण रक्तम् (वस्त्रम्) = काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a garment) colored with brown color

(1) कषाय टा + अण् । By 4-2-1 तेन रक्तं रागात्‌ – To express the sense of ‘colored by that’, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a third case affix and has a base denoting (the name of) a color.

(2) कषाय टा + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘कषाय टा + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) कषाय + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) काषाय + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘काषाय’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) काषाय् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= काषाय । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun वस्त्रम्।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) कुङ्कुमेन रक्तं कौङ्कुमम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with red color
२) कुसुम्भेन रक्तं कौसुम्भम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with saffron color
३) मञ्जिष्ठया रक्तं माञ्जिष्ठम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with bright red color

Note: काषायवासिनी is a उपपद-समासः explained as –
काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) वस्ते तच्छीला = काषायवासिनी – one who (habitually) wears a brown (garment).

The derivation of the form काषायवासिनी is similar to the derivation of the form मधुरभाषिणी as shown in the following post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।

Except that after step 2, the सूत्रम् 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः applies to perform the वृद्धिः substitution ‘आ’ in place of the penultimate letter ‘अ’ of the अङ्गम् ‘वस्’, since it is followed by the affix ‘णिनिँ’ which is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्)।

काषाय + ङस् + वस् + इन् = काषाय + ङस् + वास् + इन् । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः ।
Remaining steps are the same as in the post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।