Today we will look at the form मेघश्यामः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.7.17.

मथ्यमानात्तथा सिन्धोर्देवासुरवरूथपैः । यदा सुधा न जायेत निर्ममन्थाजितः स्वयम् ।। ८-७-१६ ।।
मेघश्यामः कनकपरिधिः कर्णविद्योतविद्‍युन् मूर्ध्नि भ्राजद्विलुलितकचः स्रग्धरो रक्तनेत्रः । जैत्रैर्दोर्भिर्जगदभयदैर्दन्दशूकं गृहीत्वा मथ्नन्मथ्ना प्रतिगिरिरिवाशोभताथो धृताद्रिः ।। ८-७-१७ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
धृतोऽद्रिर्येन स धृताद्रिर्भगवान्परमपुरुषोऽनन्तरमशोभतेत्यन्वयः । कथंभूतः । कनकपरिधिः पीतवासाः । कर्णयोर्विद्योतमाना विद्‍युत्कुण्डललक्षणा यस्य । तथा मूर्ध्नि भ्राजन्तो विलुलिताः कचा यस्य स तथा । जैत्रैर्जिष्णुभिः । दन्दशूकं सर्पम् । प्रतिगिरिः प्रतिद्वन्द्वी पर्वतः ।। १७ ।।

Translation – When nectar (however) did not appear from the ocean (of milk), being churned in the aforesaid manner by the commanders of the heavenly and Asura forces, Lord Ajita Himself took up the churning (16). Holding the serpent (Vāsuki) with His (four) triumphant arms vouchsafing protection to the world, and agitating the ocean with the churn-dasher (in the form of Mount Mandara), the Lord – who was dark-brown like a cloud, had a cloth of golden hue wrapped about His loins, was adorned with a garland (of sylvan flowers) and a pair of ear-rings that flashed like lightning, wore glossy and wavy locks on His head and was possessed of reddish eyes, and who (in the form of the divine Tortoise) bore Mount Mandara (on His back), now shone like a rival mountain (17).

(1) मेघ इव श्‍याम: = मेघश्‍यामः – Dark like a cloud.

See question 1.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) मेघ सुँ + श्याम सुँ । As per 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः – सुबन्तानि (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदानि which denote a standard of comparison optionally compound with सुबन्तानि (ending in a सुँप् affix) पदानि which have denoted the common attribute – provided both the सुबन्त-पदे refer to the same item – and the resulting compound is a तत्पुरुष:।
Note: उपमीयते येन तदुपमानम् – That to which something is compared is called उपमानम् – the standard of comparison.
Note: ये शब्दा: पूर्वं साधारणधर्ममुक्त्वाधुना तद्वति द्रव्ये वर्तन्ते ते सामान्यवचना इत्युच्यन्ते – Those words which having previously described a common attribute, presently denote the thing/substance which possesses that common attribute are known as सामान्यवचना:।

See question 2.

(3) As per 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् the term ‘मेघ सुँ’ – which denotes a standard of comparison – gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 (which prescribes the compounding) the term उपमानानि ends in the nominative case. And hence the term ‘मेघ सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.
Note: ‘मेघ सुँ + श्याम सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) मेघ + श्याम । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= मेघश्याम ।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मेघश्याम’ is masculine since the latter member ‘श्याम’ of the compound is used here in the masculine. The compound declines like राम-शब्द:।

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। The compound is qualifying अजितः (Lord Ajita.)

(5) मेघश्याम + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(6) मेघश्याम + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) मेघश्याम: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Commenting on the विग्रह-वाक्यम् – मेघ इव श्‍याम: – of this compound, the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – इह पूर्वपदं तत्सदृशे लाक्षणिकमिति सूचयितुं लौकिकविग्रहे इवशब्द: प्रयुज्यते। Please explain.

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-1-55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः (used in step 2) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – पूर्वनिपातनियमार्थं सूत्रम्। Please explain.

3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the used of a fifth case affix in the form सिन्धो: (and मथ्यमानात्) used in the verse?

4. In the verses can you spot a word in which सम्प्रसारणम् has taken place?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-139 ग्लाजिस्थश्च ग्स्नु: been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Kumbhakarṇa who was tall as a mountain was killed by Śrī Rāma with a single arrow.” Construct a कर्मधारय: compound for ‘tall as a mountain’ = गिरिरिव तुङ्ग:।

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment सीयुट् in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः been used in the verses?