Today we will look at the form विवादाय mDs from the following सुभाषितम्।

विद्या विवादाय धनं मदाय शक्तिः परेषां परिपीडनाय ।
खलस्य साधोर्विपरीतमेतज्ज्ञानाय दानाय च रक्षणाय ॥

Translation – A wicked person’s learning is (used only) for quarrelling, wealth for conceit, and strength for hurting others; on the contrary a noble person’s learning is for knowledge, wealth for charity, and strength for protecting (others).

विवादाय is चतुर्थी-एकवचनम् of the पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विवाद’।

(1) विवाद + ङे । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने in the महाभाष्यम्) तादर्थ्ये चतुर्थी वाच्या – A fourth case affix (‘ङे’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used following a प्रातिपदिकम् (nominal stem) which denotes the purpose (‘for the sake of that’).

Note: The existence of this वार्तिकम् is inferred from the सूत्रम् 2-1-36 चतुर्थी तदर्थार्थबलिहितसुखरक्षितैः which allows compounding between a पदम् which ends in a fourth case affix and another पदम् which ends in a सुँप् affix and denotes a thing whose purpose is denoted by the पदम् ending in the fourth case affix.

(2) विवाद + य । By 7-1-13 ङेर्यः – Following a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affix ‘ङे’ (चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्) is replaced by ‘य’।

(3) विवादाय । By 7-3-102 सुपि च – The ending letter ‘अ’ of a प्रातिपदिकम् is elongated if it is followed by a सुँप् affix beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।

Questions:

1. Where else (besides in विवादाय) has the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-13 चतुर्थी सम्प्रदाने in the महाभाष्यम्) तादर्थ्ये चतुर्थी वाच्या been used in the verse?

2. Where has the above वार्तिकम् been used in the first five verses of Chapter Sixteen of the गीता?

3. Which कृत् affix is used for the derivation of the स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विद्या’?

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Night is for sleep.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘स्वप्न’ for ‘sleep.’

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Life is for serving others.” Paraphrase to “Life is for service of others.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उपकार’ for ‘service.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This gold is for (making) an earring.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment ‘सुँट्’ in the form परेषाम्?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिँङसामिनात्स्या: been used in the verse?