Today we will look at the form शैवम् nAs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1.27.6.

तानि दिव्यानि भद्रं ते ददाम्यस्त्राणि सर्वशः । दण्डचक्रं महद्दिव्यं तव दास्यामि राघव ∥ १-२७-४ ∥
धर्मचक्रं ततो वीर कालचक्रं तथैव च । विष्णुचक्रं तथात्युग्रमैन्द्रमस्त्रं तथैव च ∥ १-२७-५ ∥
वज्रमस्त्रं नरश्रेष्ठ शैवं शूलवरं तथा । अस्त्रं ब्रह्मशिरश्चैव ऐषीकमपि राघव ∥ १-२७-६ ∥

Gita Press Translation – “I deliver to you all those celestial missiles, may good betide you! I shall deliver to you, O scion of Raghu, the great and ethereal Daṇḍa-Cakra and then the Dharma-Cakra, O gallant prince, as well as the Kāla-Cakra, also the Viṣṇu-Cakra as well as the most formidable Indra-Cakra and the missile in the shape of a thunderbolt, O jewel among men, similarly the Śūla (of Śiva), the best among all, presided over by Lord Śiva, as well as the missile called Brahmaśirā and even the Aiṣīka (that employed through the medium of a reed, rush or stem of grass). O scion of Raghu!” (4-6)

शिवो देवतास्‍येति = शैवम् (शूलम्) – (The trident) of which Lord Śiva is the presiding deity.
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्। Hence the form is शैवम्।

(1) शिव सुँ + अण् । By 4-2-24 सास्य देवता – To denote something of a particular deity, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a nominative case affix and has a base denoting the name of that presiding deity.

(2) शिव सुँ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘शिव सुँ + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) शिव + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) शैव + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘शैव’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) शैव् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= शैव । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शैव’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun शूलम्। Hence, it declines like वन-शब्दः।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) इन्‍द्रो देवतास्‍येति = ऐन्‍द्रम् (हविः) – (an oblation) of which Indra is the presiding deity.

Today we will look at the form मघा fNs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1.71.24.

मघा ह्यद्य महाबाहो तृतीयदिवसे प्रभो ।
फल्गुन्यामुत्तरे राजंस्तस्मिन्वैवाहिकं कुरु ।
रामलक्ष्मणयोरर्थे दानं कार्यं सुखोदयम् ∥ १-७१-२४ ∥

Translation – “Indeed the constellation Maghā is in the ascendant today, O mighty-armed king! On the third day, when the celebrated Uttarā Phalgunī mansion is in the ascendant, my lord, perform the wedding ceremony. Charity, which is calculated to bring happiness in its wake, should be made for the welfare of Śrī Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (4).”

अद्य मघा (‘मघया युक्तो मघा कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः) – Today is Maghā (meaning that – the time in which the moon is in conjunction with the constellation Maghā, occurs today.)

(1) मघा टा + अण् । By 4-2-3 नक्षत्रेण युक्तः कालः – To denote a time (in which the moon is) in conjunction with a particular constellation, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a third case affix and has a base denoting that particular constellation.

Note: ‘मघा टा + अण्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(2) मघा + अण् । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(3) मघा । By 4-2-4 लुबविशेषे – To denote a time (in which the moon is) in conjunction with a particular constellation, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 4-2-3 नक्षत्रेण युक्तः कालः) takes the लुप् elision, provided the entire 24-hour (60-ghatikā) day is being specified and not any sub-division of it.

Note: The सूत्रम् 1-1-63 न लुमताङ्गस्य prevents the सूत्रम् 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः from applying.

As per the सूत्रम् 1-2-51 लुपि युक्तवद्व्यक्तिवचने – When an affix takes the लुप् elision, then the gender and number of the derived form follows that of the base.

Therefore, the derived प्रातिपदिकम् ‘मघा’ is declined in the feminine singular, complying with the gender and number of the base ‘मघा’। Hence प्रथमा-एकवचनम् is मघा।

Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) अद्य पुष्यः (‘पुष्येण युक्तः पुष्यः कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः)।
२) अद्य कृत्तिकाः (‘कृत्तिकाभिर्युक्तः कृत्तिकाः कालोऽद्य वर्तते’ इति भावः)।

Today we will look at the form काषायवासिनी fNs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 7.97.13.

सर्वान्समागतान्दृष्ट्वा सीता काषायवासिनी । अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यमधोदृष्टिरवाङ्मुखी ∥ ७-९७-१३ ∥
यथाहं राघवादन्यं मनसापि न चिन्तये । तथा मे माधवी देवी विवरं दातुमर्हति ∥ ७-९७-१५ ∥

Gita Press Translation – Sītā, wearing a brown garment, having seen all of them arrived, with folded hands, keeping her gaze downwards and face cast down said: (13) “As I have not contemplated about anyone other than the scion of Raghu even in mind, so the goddess Mādhavī (the earth-goddess) may provide space to me (to enter).” (14)

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ used in the form काषायवासिनी is derived as follows –
कषायेण रक्तम् (वस्त्रम्) = काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a garment) colored with brown color

(1) कषाय टा + अण् । By 4-2-1 तेन रक्तं रागात्‌ – To express the sense of ‘colored by that’, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a third case affix and has a base denoting (the name of) a color.

(2) कषाय टा + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘कषाय टा + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) कषाय + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) काषाय + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘काषाय’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) काषाय् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= काषाय । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun वस्त्रम्।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) कुङ्कुमेन रक्तं कौङ्कुमम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with red color
२) कुसुम्भेन रक्तं कौसुम्भम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with saffron color
३) मञ्जिष्ठया रक्तं माञ्जिष्ठम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with bright red color

Note: काषायवासिनी is a उपपद-समासः explained as –
काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) वस्ते तच्छीला = काषायवासिनी – one who (habitually) wears a brown (garment).

The derivation of the form काषायवासिनी is similar to the derivation of the form मधुरभाषिणी as shown in the following post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।

Except that after step 2, the सूत्रम् 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः applies to perform the वृद्धिः substitution ‘आ’ in place of the penultimate letter ‘अ’ of the अङ्गम् ‘वस्’, since it is followed by the affix ‘णिनिँ’ which is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्)।

काषाय + ङस् + वस् + इन् = काषाय + ङस् + वास् + इन् । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः ।
Remaining steps are the same as in the post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।

Today we will look at the form वासिष्ठाः mNp from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1.57.14.

अशक्यमिति चाप्युक्तो वसिष्ठेन महात्मना । प्रत्याख्यातो वसिष्ठेन स ययौ दक्षिणां दिशम् ∥ १-५७-१३ ∥
ततस्तत्कर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं पुत्रांस्तस्य गतो नृपः । वासिष्ठा दीर्घतपसस्तपो यत्र हि तेपिरे ∥ १-५७-१४ ∥
त्रिशङ्कुस्तु महातेजाः शतं परमभास्वरम् । वसिष्ठपुत्रान् ददृशे तप्यमानान् मनस्विनः ∥ १-५७-१५ ∥

Gita Press translation – “He was, however, told by the mighty Vasiṣṭha that it was not possible to conduct such a sacrifice. Repulsed by Vasiṣṭha, he proceeded to the southern quarter (13). For the accomplishment of the said purpose the king then sought Vasiṣṭha’s sons at the place where they were actually leading an austere life, engaged as they were in a prolonged course of austerities (14). The exceptionally glorious Triśaṅku beheld (from a distance) the hundred high-minded and supremely resplendant sons of Vasiṣṭha practicing austerities (15).

वसिष्ठस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = वासिष्ठः – a (male) descendant of the sage Vasiṣṭha. Here it refers to the son of Vasiṣṭha.
In the verses the विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्। Hence the form is वासिष्ठाः।

(1) वसिष्ठ ङस् + अण् । By 4-1-114 ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च – To denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant) the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ may be applied optionally following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a sixth case affix and has as its base the name of a sage, or of one born in the ‘अन्धक’, ‘वृष्णि’ or ‘कुरु’ dynasty.
Note: First the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् prescribes the default affix ‘अण्’ which is over-ruled by the affix ‘इञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-95 अत इञ्) and finally the सूत्रम् 4-1-114 ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च re-prescribes the affix ‘अण्’ because ‘वसिष्ठ’ denotes the name of a sage.
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)

(2) वसिष्ठ ङस् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘वसिष्ठ ङस् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) वसिष्ठ + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) वासिष्ठ + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘वासिष्ठ’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) वासिष्ठ् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= वासिष्ठ । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वासिष्ठ’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

(6) वासिष्ठ + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(7) वासिष्ठ + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।

(8) वासिष्ठास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)

(9) वासिष्ठाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) विश्वामित्रस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = वैश्वामित्रः – a (male) descendant of the sage Viśwāmitra

Today we will look at the forms वैश्रवणम् mAs and रावण mVs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.48.21 and 3.48.22.

एवमुक्ता तु वैदेही क्रुद्धा संरक्तलोचना । अब्रवीत्परुषं वाक्यं रहिते राक्षसाधिपम् ।। ३-४८-२० ।।
कथं वैश्रवणं देवं सर्वभूतनमस्कृतम् । भ्रातरं व्यपदिश्य त्वमशुभं कर्तुमिच्छसि ।। ३-४८-२१ ।।
अवश्यं विनशिष्यन्ति सर्वे रावण राक्षसाः । येषां त्वं कर्कशो राजा दुर्बुद्धिरजितेन्द्रियः ।। ३-४८-२२ ।।

Gita Press translation “Enraged when spoken to as aforesaid, Sītā (a princess of the Videha territory) for her part with blood-red eyes addressed the following harsh words to Rāvaṇa (the suzerain lord of ogres) in that lonely place : – (20) “How after calling god Kubera (son of Viśravā), who is hailed by all gods, your (half-) brother, do you seek to perpetrate a foul deed ? (21) All ogres, O Rāvaṇa, will inevitably perish inasmuch as you – who are (so) hardhearted and evil-minded and have not been able to subdue your senses – are their ruler.(22)”

The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – विनशिष्यन्ति-3ap-लृँट्

विश्रवसोऽपत्यम् (पुमान्) = वैश्रवणः, रावणः – a (male) descendant of Viśravā. Note: वैश्रवणः can refer to either Kubera or Rāvaṇa, since both were sons of Viśravā. Here in the verses वैश्रवणः refers to Kubera.
In the verses, the विवक्षा for वैश्रवणम् is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्। And the विवक्षा for रावण is सम्बुद्धिः।

(1) विश्रवण/रवण ङस् + अण् । By 4-1-112 शिवादिभ्योऽण् – To denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant) the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ may be applied optionally following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a sixth case affix and has ‘शिव’ etc (listed in the शिवादि-गण:) as its base.
Note: ‘विश्रवण’ and ‘रवण’ are listed in the शिवादि-गणः, implying that ‘विश्रवस्’ takes the substitution ‘विश्रवण’/’रवण’ when followed by the affix ‘अण्’ in the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant).
Note: First the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् prescribes the default affix ‘अण्’ which is over-ruled by the affix ‘इञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-95 अत इञ्) and finally the सूत्रम् 4-1-112 शिवादिभ्योऽण् re-prescribes the affix ‘अण्’ because ‘विश्रवण’ and ‘रवण’ are specifically listed in the शिवादि-गण:।
Note: The अनुवृत्तिः of ‘गोत्रे’ from the सूत्रम् 4-1-98 गोत्रे कुञ्जादिभ्यश्च्फञ् does not come into this सूत्रम् 4-1-112. It stops at the prior सूत्रम् 4-1-111 भर्गात्‌ त्रैगर्ते।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)

(2) विश्रवण/रवण ङस् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘विश्रवण/रवण ङस् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) विश्रवण/रवण + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) वैश्रवण/रावण + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘वैश्रवण/रावण’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) वैश्रवण्/रावण् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= वैश्रवण/रावण । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘वैश्रवण’ as well as ‘रावण’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

The विवक्षा for वैश्रवणम् is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।
(6a) वैश्रवण + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(7a) वैश्रवणम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

And the विवक्षा for रावण is सम्बुद्धिः।
Note: By 2-3-49 एकवचनं सम्बुद्धि: – The nominative singular affix (‘सुँ’) when used in a vocative form gets the designation सम्बुद्धि:।

(6b) (हे) रावण + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌। By 2-3-47 सम्बोधने च – A first case affix (‘सुँ’, ‘औ’, ‘जस्’) is used to denote ‘address’ (in addition to the meaning of the nominal stem) also. Note: सम् (सम्मुखीकृत्य) बोधनम् (ज्ञापनम्) = सम्बोधनम्। सम्बोधनम् means drawing someone’s attention (to inform him/her of something.)

(7b) (हे) रावण + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8b) (हे) रावण । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात्‌ सम्बुद्धेः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in ‘एङ्’ (letter ‘ए’ or ‘ओ’) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.

We can similarly derive the following –
१) ककुत्स्थस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = काकुत्स्थः (रामः) – a (male) descendant of (the king) Kakutstha. It refers to Śrī Rāma.

Today we will look at the form सौमित्रिः mNs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.16.3.

स कदाचित् प्रभातायां शर्वर्यां रघुनन्दनः । प्रययावभिषेकार्थं रम्यां गोदावरीं नदीम् ।। ३-१६-२ ।।
प्रह्वः कलशहस्तस्तु सीतया सह वीर्यवान् । पृष्ठतोऽनुव्रजन्भ्राता सौमित्रिरिदमब्रवीत् ।। ३-१६-३ ।।
अयं स कालः सम्प्राप्तः प्रियो यस्ते प्रियंवद । अलङ्कृत इवाभाति येन संवत्सरः शुभः ।। ३-१६-४ ।।
नीहारपरुषो लोकः पृथिवी सस्यमालिनी । जलान्यनुपभोग्यानि सुभगो हव्यवाहनः ।। ३-१६-५ ।।

Gita Press translation – Once that delight of the Raghus, at break of day, went to the beautiful Godāvarī river for the sake of a bath (2). Following at the heels of Śrī Rāma with a vessel for water in his hand together with Sītā, his brave brother, the son of Sumitrā, spoke as follows :- (3) “Now has arrived that season which is dear to you, O polite brother, with which the blessed year appears as though ornamented (4). The people feel dry with cold, the earth is rich with crops; the waters are unenjoyable, the fire is agreeable.” (5)

The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – प्रियंवद-mvs

सुमित्राया अपत्यम् (पुमान्) = सौमित्रिः (लक्ष्मणः) – a (male) descendant of Sumitrā. It refers to Lakṣmaṇa (son of Sumitrā)
In the verses the विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(1) सुमित्रा ङस् + इञ् । By 4-1-96 बाह्वादिभ्यश्च – To denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant) the तद्धित: affix ‘इञ्’ may be applied optionally following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a sixth case affix and has ‘बाहु’ etc (listed in the बाह्वादि-गण:) as its base. As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)

Note: First the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् prescribes the default affix ‘अण्’ which is over-ruled by the affix ‘ढक्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-120 स्त्रीभ्यो ढक्) which in turn is over-ruled by the affix ‘इञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-96 बाह्वादिभ्यश्च) because ‘सुमित्रा’ is specifically listed in the बाह्वादि-गण:।
Note: Since ‘सुमित्रा’ does not end in the letter ‘अ’ the सूत्रम् 4-1-95 अत इञ् cannot apply here.

Note: आकृतिगणोऽयम्। The बाह्वादि-गण: is a आकृतिगणः – which is a class or group of words in which some words are actually mentioned and there is room left to include others which are found undergoing the same operations.

(2) सुमित्रा ङस् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘सुमित्रा ङस् + इ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) सुमित्रा + इ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘इञ्’ is a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) सौमित्रा + इ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘सौमित्रा’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) सौमित्र् + इ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= सौमित्रि । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सौमित्रि’ declines like हरि-शब्दः।

(6) सौमित्रि + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(7) सौमित्रि + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) सौमित्रिः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Similarly, we can derive the following –
१) कृष्णस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = कार्ष्णिः – a (male) descendant of Kṛṣṇa (of the Vṛṣṇi dynasty)
२) प्रद्युम्नस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = प्राद्युम्निः – a (male) descendant of Pradyumna (of the Vṛṣṇi dynasty)
३) सत्यकस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = सात्यकिः – a (male) descendant of Satyaka (of the Vṛṣṇi dynasty)
४) युधिष्ठिरस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = यौधिष्ठिरिः – a (male) descendant of Yudhiṣṭhira (of the Kuru dynasty)
५) अर्जुनस्यापत्यम् (पुमान्) = आर्जुनिः – a (male) descendant of Arjuna (of the Kuru dynasty)

Note: In the above examples, first the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् prescribes the default affix ‘अण्’ which is over-ruled by the affix ‘इञ्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-95 अत इञ्) which in turn is over-ruled by the affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-114 ऋष्यन्धकवृष्णिकुरुभ्यश्च) and finally the सूत्रम् 4-1-96 बाह्वादिभ्यश्च brings back the affix ‘इञ्’ since ‘कृष्ण’, ‘प्रद्युम्न’, ‘सत्यक’, ‘युधिष्ठिर’ and ‘अर्जुन’ are specifically listed in the बाह्वादि-गण:।

Today we will look at the forms दैत्यान् mAp, आदित्याः mNp from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.14.15.

पुत्रांस्त्रैलोक्यभर्तॄन्वै जनयिष्यथ मत्समान् । अदितिस्तन्मना राम दितिश्च दनुरेव च ।। ३-१४-१३ ।।
कालका च महाबाहो शेषास्त्वमनसोऽभवन् । अदित्यां जज्ञिरे देवास्त्रयस्त्रिंशदरिन्दम ।। ३-१४-१४ ।।
आदित्या वसवो रुद्रा अश्विनौ च परन्तप । दितिस्त्वजनयत्पुत्रान्दैत्यांस्तात यशस्विनः ।। ३-१४-१५ ।।

Gita Press translation – ‘You will give birth to sons like me, masters of the three worlds.’ O Rāma of mighty arms – Aditi, Diti, Danu and Kālakā were attentive, the rest were indifferent. “Of Aditi thirty-three gods were born, O vanquisher of foes – the (twelve) Ādityas, the (eight) Vasus, the (eleven) Rudras and the two Aświns, O tormentor of foes! Diti for her part gave birth to the famous Daityas (demons), O dear one! (13-15).”

The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – जनयिष्यथ 2Ap-लृँट्

दितेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = दैत्यः – a (male) descendant of Diti
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्, hence the form used is दैत्यान्।

(1) दिति ङस् + ण्य । By 4-1-85 दित्यदित्यादित्यपत्युत्तरपदाण्ण्यः – The affix ‘ण्य’ is authorized for all rules down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्, provided it is applied to a पदम् derived from a प्रातिपदिकम् which is either ‘दिति’, ’अदिति’, ’आदित्य’ or a compound which has ‘पति’ as its latter member.
Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ prescribed by this सूत्रम् is a अपवादः to the affix ‘अण्’ prescribed by the सूत्रम् 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्।
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)

(2) दिति ङस् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘दिति ङस् + य’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) दिति + य । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘ण्य’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) दैति + य । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘दैति’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) दैत् + य । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= दैत्य । The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘दैत्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

(6) दैत्य + शस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(7) दैत्य + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘शस्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।

(8) दैत्यास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः – When a अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)

(9) दैत्यान् । By 6-1-103 तस्माच्छसो नः पुंसि – In the masculine gender, when the letter ‘स्’ of the affix ‘शस्’ follows a vowel which has been elongated by 6-1-102 then it is replaced by the letter ‘न्’।

Similarly, we can derive the form आदित्याः used in the verses.
अदितेरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = आदित्यः – a (male) descendant of Aditi
In the verses the विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, hence the form used is आदित्याः।

The derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम्‌ ‘आदित्य’ is similar to the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम्‌ ’दैत्य’ as shown above. The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आदित्य’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

Today we will look at the form राघवम् mAs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 4.16.4.

सोढुं न च समर्थोऽहं युद्धकामस्य संयुगे । सुग्रीवस्य च संरम्भं हीनग्रीवस्य गर्जितम् ।। ४-१६-४ ।।
न च कार्यो विषादस्ते राघवं प्रति मत्कृते । धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च कथं पापं करिष्यति ।। ४-१६-५ ।।
निवर्तस्व सह स्त्रीभिः कथं भूयोऽनुगच्छसि । सौहृदं दर्शितं तारे मयि भक्तिः कृता त्वया ।। ४-१६-६ ।।
प्रतियोत्स्याम्यहं गत्वा सुग्रीवं जहि सम्भ्रमम् । दर्पं चास्य विनेष्यामि न च प्राणैर्वियोक्ष्यते ।। ४-१६-७ ।।

Gita Press translation – Nay, I am not able to tolerate the arrogance, much less the roar, of the weak-necked Sugrīva, who seeks an encounter on the battlefield (with me) (4). Nor should any anxiety be entertained by you from the side of Śrī Rāma on my account. How can Śrī Rāma – who knows what is right and cognizes his duty – perpetrate sin (in the form of killing one who is innocent)? (5) (Please) return with the (other) ladies. Why do you still follow me? Affection has been shown to such an extent and service rendered to me by you (6). Going out I shall give battle to Sugrīva; (pray) give up (all) perplexity. Nay, I shall take away his pride, yet he will not be rid of his life (7).

The above verses have previously appeared in the following post – सोढुम्-ind

रघोरपत्यम् (पुमान्) = राघवः – a (male) descendant of (the king) Raghu. Refers to Śrī Rāma.
In the verses the विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, hence the form used is राघवम्।

(1) रघु ङस् + अण् । By 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् – The affix ‘अण्’ is hereby authorized as the default affix for all rules from here (4-1-83) down prior to the सूत्रम् 4-4-2 तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम्। Note: The affix ‘अण्’ comes in by default in the section starting from 4-1-83 prior to 4-4-2.
As per the सूत्रम् 4-1-92 तस्यापत्यम् – Following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed and which ends in a sixth case affix the तद्धिता: affixes already prescribed (by the prior rules 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण् etc), as well as those that are going to be prescribed (by the following rules 4-1-95 अत इञ् etc), may be optionally applied to denote the sense of अपत्यम् (descendant.)
Note: The use of a तद्धित: affix is optional because a sentence or a compound may also be constructed to convey the same meaning. So for example – the तद्धित: form राघवः and the sentence रघोरपत्यम् and the compound रघ्वपत्यम् all convey the same meaning – a descendant of (the king) Raghu.

(2) रघु ङस् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘रघु ङस् + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) रघु + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) राघु + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘राघु’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम्।

(5) राघो + अ । By 6-4-146 ओर्गुणः – When followed by a तद्धितः affix, the ending letter ‘उ’/’ऊ’ of a अङ्गम् which has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा (ref. 1-4-18 यचि भम्) takes the गुण: substitution (‘ओ’)।

(6) राघव । By 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘राघव’ declines like राम-शब्दः।

(7) राघव + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) राघवम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.