Today we will look at the form काषायवासिनी fNs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 7.97.13.

सर्वान्समागतान्दृष्ट्वा सीता काषायवासिनी । अब्रवीत्प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यमधोदृष्टिरवाङ्मुखी ∥ ७-९७-१३ ∥
यथाहं राघवादन्यं मनसापि न चिन्तये । तथा मे माधवी देवी विवरं दातुमर्हति ∥ ७-९७-१५ ∥

Gita Press Translation – Sītā, wearing a brown garment, having seen all of them arrived, with folded hands, keeping her gaze downwards and face cast down said: (13) “As I have not contemplated about anyone other than the scion of Raghu even in mind, so the goddess Mādhavī (the earth-goddess) may provide space to me (to enter).” (14)

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ used in the form काषायवासिनी is derived as follows –
कषायेण रक्तम् (वस्त्रम्) = काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a garment) colored with brown color

(1) कषाय टा + अण् । By 4-2-1 तेन रक्तं रागात्‌ – To express the sense of ‘colored by that’, the तद्धित: affix ‘अण्’ (prescribed by 4-1-83 प्राग्दीव्यतोऽण्) may be optionally applied following a syntactically related पदम् in which the सन्धिः operations have been performed, provided the पदम् ends in a third case affix and has a base denoting (the name of) a color.

(2) कषाय टा + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Note: ‘कषाय टा + अ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः to apply in the next step.

(3) कषाय + अ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: The affix ‘अण्’ is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as इत्)। This allows 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः to apply in the next step.

(4) काषाय + अ । By 7-2-117 तद्धितेष्वचामादेः – The first vowel among the vowels of a अङ्गम् which is followed by a तद्धित: affix (ref. 4-1-76 तद्धिताः) which is either a ञित् (has the letter ‘ञ्’ as a इत्) or a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्) takes the वृद्धि: (ref. 1-1-1 वृद्धिरादैच्) substitute.

Note: The अङ्गम् ‘काषाय’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् which allows 6-4-148 यस्येति च to apply in the next step.

(5) काषाय् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= काषाय । Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘काषाय’ is an adjective. In the present example, it is qualifying the neuter noun वस्त्रम्।

We can similarly derive the following –
१) कुङ्कुमेन रक्तं कौङ्कुमम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with red color
२) कुसुम्भेन रक्तं कौसुम्भम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with saffron color
३) मञ्जिष्ठया रक्तं माञ्जिष्ठम् (वस्त्रम्) – (a cloth) colored with bright red color

Note: काषायवासिनी is a उपपद-समासः explained as –
काषायम् (वस्त्रम्) वस्ते तच्छीला = काषायवासिनी – one who (habitually) wears a brown (garment).

The derivation of the form काषायवासिनी is similar to the derivation of the form मधुरभाषिणी as shown in the following post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।

Except that after step 2, the सूत्रम् 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः applies to perform the वृद्धिः substitution ‘आ’ in place of the penultimate letter ‘अ’ of the अङ्गम् ‘वस्’, since it is followed by the affix ‘णिनिँ’ which is a णित् (has the letter ‘ण्’ as a इत्)।

काषाय + ङस् + वस् + इन् = काषाय + ङस् + वास् + इन् । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः ।
Remaining steps are the same as in the post – मधुरभाषिणी-fns।