Today we will look at the form कालातीतम् nNs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3.74.7.

तद्भवान्वृत्तसम्पन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये । मित्रार्थमभिनीतार्थं यथावत्कर्तुमर्हति ।। ४-२९-१२ ।।
संत्यज्य सर्वकर्माणि मित्रार्थे यो न वर्तते । सम्भ्रमाद् विकृतोत्साहः सोऽनर्थेनावरुध्यते ।। ४-२९-१३ ।।
यो हि कालव्यतीतेषु मित्रकार्येषु वर्तते । स कृत्वा महतोऽप्यर्थान्न मित्रार्थेन युज्यते ।। ४-२९-१४ ।।
तदिदं मित्रकार्यं नः कालातीतमरिंदम । क्रियतां राघवस्यैतद्वैदेह्याः परिमार्गणम् ।। ४-२९-१५ ।।

Gita Press translation – Rich in moral conduct and established in a path (the path of virtue) which is free from danger, you ought duly to accomplish the purpose of your friend, which has been undertaken by you (12). He who does not wholly give up all (other) duties and attend with alacrity to the cause of his friend exhibiting his zeal in a special degree (for that cause) meets with disaster (13). He who actually attends to the concerns of his friend when their time has definitely passed does not work in unison with the purpose of his friend, even though achieving great things (14). The present object of our friend, viz, the search of Sītā (a princess of the Videha territory) will get delayed, O tamer of foes! Therefore, let this work of Śrī Rāma (a scion of Raghu) be accomplished (apace) (15).

लौकिक-विग्रह: –
(1) कालमतीतम् = कालातीतम् – ‘gone beyond time’ which means ‘delayed.’ Note: द्वितीया विभक्ति: is used in कालम् as per 2-3-2 कर्मणि द्वितीया because 2-3-69 न लोकाव्ययनिष्ठाखलर्थतृनाम्‌ blocks 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति।

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) काल अम् + अतीत सुँ । By 2-1-24 द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः – A पदम् ending in a second case affix optionally compounds with a (syntactically related) पदम् composed by adding a सुँप् affix to either ‘श्रित’ or ‘अतीत’ or ‘पतित’ or ‘गत’ or ‘अत्यस्त’ or ‘प्राप्त’ or ‘आपन्न’ and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
Note: श्रितादीनां गतिविशेषवाचित्वात् ‘गत्यर्थाकर्मक-’ इति कर्तरि क्तः – Since the terms ‘श्रित’ etc convey a kind of motion, as per 3-4-72 गत्यर्थाकर्मकश्लिषशीङ्स्थासवसजनरुहजीर्यतिभ्यश्च the affix ‘क्त’ used in these terms denotes the agent of the action.

(3) By 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – the term ‘काल अम्’ gets the designation उपसर्जनम् because in the सूत्रम् 2-1-24 (which prescribes the compounding) the term द्वितीया ends in the nominative case. Hence ‘काल अम्’ is placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation ‘उपसर्जन’ should be placed in the prior position.

Note: ‘काल अम् + अतीत सुँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) काल + अतीत । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) कालातीत । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘कालातीत’ is neuter here since the latter member ‘अतीत’ of the compound is used here in the neuter. (The entire compound is qualifying मित्रकार्यम्।)

(6) कालातीत + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) कालातीत + अम् । By 7-1-24 अतोऽम् – The affixes ‘सुँ’ and ‘अम्’ that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel ‘अ’ take ‘अम्’ as their replacement.
Note: 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) कालातीतम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-24 द्वितीया श्रितातीतपतितगतात्यस्तप्राप्तापन्नैः (used in step 2) been used in the last five verses of Chapter Fourteen of the गीता?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form स्थितः?

3. In which word in the verses has the affix ‘क्त्वा’ been replaced by ‘ल्यप्’?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-65 शकधृषज्ञाग्लाघटरभलभक्रमसहार्हास्त्यर्थेषु तुमुन् been used in the verses?

5. Can you spot the augment ‘मुँम्’ in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The arrival of our plane is delayed.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आगमन’ for ‘arrival.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-1-88 भस्य टेर्लोपः been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘आम्’ in the form क्रियताम्?