Today we will look at the form परोक्षम् nNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.29.59.

इति वेदविदां वादः श्रूयते तत्र तत्र ह । कर्म यत्क्रियते प्रोक्तं परोक्षं न प्रकाशते ।। ४-२९-५९ ।।
नारद उवाच
येनैवारभते कर्म तेनैवामुत्र तत्पुमान् । भुङ्क्ते ह्यव्यवधानेन लिङ्गेन मनसा स्वयम् ।। ४-२९-६० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
इति वादः श्रूयते ‘प्राप्य पुण्यकृताँल्लोकान्’ इति। ‘शरीरजैः कर्मदोषैर्याति स्थावरतां नरः’ इति । त्वया चोक्तं ‘शाश्वतीरनुभूयार्तिम्’ इति । एतच्च कर्तृभोक्तृदेहभेदेन कृतनाशाकृताभ्यागमप्रसङ्गान्न संगच्छत इति भावः । संशयान्तरमाह । प्रोक्तं वेदोक्तं कर्म यत्क्रियते जनैस्तच्चानन्तरक्षण एव परोक्षमदृश्यं सन्न प्रकाशते । अतः कर्मणो नष्टत्वात्तद्भोगोऽपि दुर्घट इति भावः ।। ५९ ।। प्रथमस्योत्तरम् – येनैवेति । अव्यवधानेन कर्तृभोक्तृदेहविच्छेदं विना । स्थूलदेहनाशेऽपि मनःप्रधानस्य लिङ्गदेहस्यानाशान्नोक्तदोषप्रसङ्ग इत्यर्थः ।। ६० ।।

Translation – This doctrine of the knowers of Veda is heard of everywhere. (But how can this be?) (Moreover) whatever action, recommended in the Vedas, is (actually) performed goes out of sight and is no longer visible. (How can a thing which has altogether disappeared yield good or evil consequences?) (59) Nārada replied: The Jīva itself experiences (the good and evil) consequences of its actions hereafter through the same subtle body, (mainly consisting of) the mind, by which he performs (those) actions and which continues uninterrupted (even in the lives to come) (60).

लौकिक-विग्रह: –
(1) अक्ष्ण: परम् = परोक्षम् = beyond the range of sight (perception.)

See question 1.

अलौकिक-विग्रह: –
(2) अक्षि ङसिँ + पर सुँ । Note: समासान्तविधानसामर्थ्यादव्ययीभाव: – (Even though ‘पर’ is not a अव्ययम् and there is no rule that prescribes the formation of the अव्ययीभाव: compound ‘परोक्ष’,) the fact that a समासान्त-प्रत्यय: (the affix (‘टच्’) at the end of this अव्ययीभाव: compound) is being prescribed tells us that a अव्ययीभाव: compound is allowed here.

(3) परो सुँ + अक्षि ङसिँ । Note: We know that the final form of the compound is ‘परोक्ष’ because पाणिनि: himself has used this form in the सूत्रम् 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिट्। In order to get this desired form ‘परोक्ष’, the term ‘पर सुँ’ is placed in the prior position in the compound and the ending letter (‘अ’) of ‘पर’ is replaced by ‘ओ’।

‘परो सुँ + अक्षि ङसिँ’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) परो + अक्षि  । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) परोक्षि । By 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति।

(6) परोक्षि + टच् । By the गण-सूत्रम् (in the शरत्प्रभृतिगण: of the गणपाठ:) ‘प्रतिपरसमनुभ्योऽक्ष्ण:’ – In a अव्ययीभाव: compound the तद्धित: affix टच् is prescribed following the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अक्षि’ – provided ‘अक्षि’ is preceded by either ‘प्रति’, ‘पर’, ‘सम्’ or ‘अनु’ – and this affix टच् becomes the ending member of the compound. Note: The शरत्प्रभृतिगण: is referred to in the सूत्रम् 5-4-107 अव्ययीभावे शरत्प्रभृतिभ्यः।

(7) परोक्षि + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The fact that the अङ्गम् ‘परोक्षि’ has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here allows the सूत्रम् 6-4-148 to apply in the next step. The अङ्गम् ‘परोक्षि’ gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 1-4-18 यचि भम् – Excluding the affixes that are सर्वनामस्थानम्, when any of the other affixes from ‘सुँ’ down to ‘कप्’ that begin with the letter ‘य्’ or अच् (vowel) follow, the base gets the भ-सञ्ज्ञा। Note: From ‘सुँ’ down to ‘कप्’ means any affix prescribed from 4-1-2 down to the end of the 5th Chapter of the अष्टाध्यायी।

(8) परोक्ष् + अ । By 6-4-148 यस्येति च – When the letter ‘ई’ or a ‘तद्धित’ affix follows, the (ending) इ-वर्ण: (letter ‘इ’ or ‘ई’) or the (ending) अवर्ण: (letter ‘अ’ or ‘आ’) of the अङ्गम् with the भ-सञ्ज्ञा takes elision (लोपः)।

= परोक्ष ।

(9) परोक्ष + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्‌।

(10) परोक्ष + अम् । By 2-4-83 नाव्ययीभावादतोऽम्त्वपञ्चम्याः – This सूत्रम् has two parts – (a) नाव्ययीभावादत: – following a अव्ययीभावः compound ending (ref. 1-1-72) in the letter ‘अ’ a सुँप् affix does not take the लुक् elision (which would have been done by 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः) and (b) अम्त्वपञ्चम्याः – following a अव्ययीभावः compound ending (ref. 1-1-72) in the letter ‘अ’ a सुँप् affix – other than a fifth case affix – is substituted by अम्।
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘म्’ of the affix ‘अम्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(11) परोक्षम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः – In place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix ‘अम्’ there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.

Questions:

1. Commenting on the compound परोक्षम् the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – वृत्तिविषये ‘अक्षि’शब्द इन्द्रियमात्रपर:। Please explain.

2. In which word in the verses has the affix ‘क्विँप्’ been used?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-3-126 ईषद्‌दु:सुषु कृच्छ्राकृच्छ्रार्थेषु खल् been used in the commentary?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the second case affix used in the word कर्तृभोक्तृदेहविच्छेदम् in the commentary?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Sages meditate upon that which is beyond perception.” Use the verbal root √ध्यै (ध्यै चिन्तायाम् १. १०५६) for ‘to meditate upon.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The cause of the universe is beyond perception.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-4-25 अकृत्सार्वधातुकयोर्दीर्घः been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a आत्मनेपदम् affix in the form संगच्छते used in the commentary?