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सुरासुराः mNp

Today we will look at the form सुरासुराः  mNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.7.9.

तमुत्थितं वीक्ष्य कुलाचलं पुनः समुद्यता निर्मथितुं सुरासुराः । दधार पृष्ठेन स लक्षयोजनप्रस्तारिणा द्वीप इवापरो महान् ।। ८-७-९ ।।
सुरासुरेन्द्रैर्भुजवीर्यवेपितं परिभ्रमन्तं गिरिमङ्ग पृष्ठतः । बिभ्रत्तदावर्तनमादिकच्छपो मेनेऽङ्गकण्डूयनमप्रमेयः ।। ८-७-१० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
लक्षयोजनः प्रस्तारो विस्तारोऽस्यास्तीति तथा तेन पृष्ठेन ।। ९ ।। यस्य गिरेरावर्तनं भ्रमणमङ्गकण्डूयनं मेने ।। १० ।।

Gita Press translation – On seeing the great mountain rising, the gods and demons girded their loins once more to proceed with the churning. Like another great division of the globe, the Lord (in the form of a tortoise) bore the mountain on His back, which was one lakh Yojanas or 8,00,0000 miles in extent (9). Supporting on His back, O dear Parīkṣit, the mountain shaken by the might of arms of the principal gods and demons and (consequently) set revolving, the infinite Lord, manifested as the First Tortoise regarded its revolution as the (mere) scratching of His back (10).

(1) सुराश्चासुराश्च = सुरासुराः – the gods and demons.

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-9 येषां च विरोधः शाश्वतिकः – A द्वन्द्व: compound whose terms denote those among whom there is permanent enmity is always singular in number and hence always expresses a समाहार: (a group in which the individuality of the terms is subservient to the group) and not इतरेतरयोग: (a group in which the individuality of the terms is evident.)
But, the compound सुरासुरा: (which expresses इतरेतरयोग:) is allowed because the enmity between the सुरा: (gods) and असुरा: (demons) is not permanent. (They cooperated during the churning of the ocean.)

(2) सुर जस् + असुर जस् । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-29 चार्थे द्वन्द्वः – Two or more terms having the designation पदम् and standing in a relation expressible by ‘च’ (‘and’) may optionally compound to yield a compound called द्वन्द्वः।

(3) सुर जस् + असुर जस् । As per the सूत्रम् 2-2-33 अजाद्यदन्तम्‌, ‘असुर जस्’ should be placed in the prior position in the compound because ‘असुर’ begins with a vowel and ends in the letter ‘अ’ while ‘सुर’ does not. But since ‘सुर’ has only two syllables while ‘असुर’ has three syllables, ‘सुर जस्’ should be placed in the prior position in the compound as per the सूत्रम् 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्‌ – In a द्वन्द्व: compound the term having the least number of syllables (vowels) is placed in the prior position.
Note: 2-2-34 अल्पाच्तरम्‌ being a later rule in the अष्टाध्यायी has greater force than the prior rule 2-2-33 अजाद्यदन्तम्‌। Therefore ‘सुर जस्’ is placed in the prior position in this compound.

Note: ‘सुर जस् + असुर जस्’ gets the designation प्रातिपदिकम्‌ by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। This allows 2-4-71 to apply in the next step.

(4) सुर + असुर । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) सुरासुर । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः

As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः, the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘सुरासुर’ is masculine since the final member ‘असुर’ of the compound is in the masculine.

The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् ।

(6) सुरासुर + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्

(7) सुरासुर + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘स्’ of ‘जस्’ from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) सुरासुरास् । By 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः

(9) सुरासुराः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-4-9 येषां च विरोधः शाश्वतिकः (referenced in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – गोव्याघ्रम्। काकोलूकमित्यादौ परत्वात् ‘वृक्षमृगतृणधान्यव्यञ्जनपशुशकुन्यश्ववडवपूर्वापराधरोत्तराणाम्‌ ‘ इति प्राप्तं चाकारेण बाध्यते। Please explain.

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-32 कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्‌ been used in the verses?

3. From which verbal root is the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमेय’ (used as part of the नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compound अप्रमेयः in the verses) derived?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form उत्थितम् used in the verses?

5. Which कृत् affix is used to construct the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आवर्तन’ (used in the form आवर्तनम् (द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Requested by the gods and demons, (Lord) Śiva drank the frightful poison produced from the churning of the ocean.” Use the verbal root √अर्थ (अर्थ उपयाच्ञायाम् १०. ४४७) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to request.’ Use the adjective ‘घोर’ for ‘frightful.’ Use the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) for ‘to be produced.’

Easy questions:

1. What prevents the augment नुँम् (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-70 उगिदचां सर्वनामस्थानेऽधातोः) from applying in the form बिभ्रत् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बिभ्रत्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used in the verses?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 2-4-9 येषां च विरोधः शाश्वतिकः (referenced in step 1) the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – गोव्याघ्रम्। काकोलूकमित्यादौ परत्वात् ‘वृक्षमृगतृणधान्यव्यञ्जनपशुशकुन्यश्ववडवपूर्वापराधरोत्तराणाम्‌ ‘ इति प्राप्तं चाकारेण बाध्यते। Please explain.
    Answer: In the example गावश्च व्याघ्राश्च = गोव्याघ्रम् (a collection of cows and tigers) as well as काकाश्चोलूकाश्च = काकोलूकम् (a collection of crows and owls) the compound would only optionally expresses a समाहार: as per the later सूत्रम् 2-4-12 विभाषा वृक्षमृगतृणधान्यव्यञ्जनपशुशकुन्यश्ववडवपूर्वापराधरोत्तराणाम्‌ but because च (having the force of एव here) is mentioned in the सूत्रम् 2-4-9 येषां विरोधः शाश्वतिकः it overrules 2-4-12 (in spite of 1-4-2 विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम्।) The compound expresses a समाहार: only – there is no optional form.

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-1-32 कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्‌ been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-1-32 कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्‌ has been used in the form भुजवीर्यवेपितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ’भुजवीर्यवेपित’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।

    The लौकिक्-विग्रहः is –
    भुजवीर्येण वेपितः = भुजवीर्यवेपितः (गिरिः) – (mountain) shaken by the might of arms

    The अलौकिक्-विग्रहः is –
    भुजवीर्य टा + वेपित सुँ । By 2-1-32 कर्तृकरणे कृता बहुलम्‌ – A पदम् ending in a third case affix – denoting either the agent or the instrument of the action – variously compounds with (a syntactically related पदम् composed by adding a सुँप् affix to) a term ending in a कृत् affix (ref. 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and the resulting compound gets the designation तत्पुरुष:।
    The derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भुजवीर्यवेपित’ is similar to the derivation of the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शरताडित’ as shown in the following post – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2015/02/16/शरताडितः-mns

    As per the सूत्रम् 2-4-26 परवल्लिङ्गं द्वन्द्वतत्पुरुषयोः the gender of a तत्पुरुष: compound matches that of its final member. Hence the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’भुजवीर्यवेपित’ is an adjective since the latter member ‘वेपित’ is an adjective. In the present example the masculine noun ‘गिरि’ is being qualified, hence we assign the masculine gender to the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ’भुजवीर्यवेपित’। It declines like राम-शब्द:।

    Note: The प्रातिपदिकम् ’भुजवीर्य’ itself is a षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः compound, explained as –
    भुजानां वीर्यम् = भुजवीर्यम् – the might of arms

    3. From which verbal root is the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमेय’ (used as part of the नञ्-तत्पुरुष: compound अप्रमेयः in the verses) derived?
    Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमेय’ is derived from the verbal root √मा [मा माने २. ५७, माङ् माने शब्दे च ३. ७, माङ् माने ४. ३७] preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘प्र’।

    मा + यत् । By 3-1-97 अचो यत्‌ – The affix यत् may be used following a verbal root ending in a vowel.
    Note: The affix ‘यत्’ has the designation ‘कृत्य’ since the सूत्रम् 3-1-97 अचो यत्‌ occurs in the अधिकारः of 3-1-95 कृत्याः प्राङ् ण्वुलः। Hence as per 3-4-70 तयोरेव कृत्यक्तखलर्थाः, it is used only to denote the action (भावः) or the object (कर्म)
    = मा + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    Note: The affix ’य’ has the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 7-3-84 to apply below.
    = मी + य । By 6-4-65 ईद्यति – When the affix यत् follows, the ending letter ‘आ’ of the अङ्गम् is replaced by the letter ‘ई’।
    = मे + य । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।

    प्र + मेय । ‘मेय’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘प्र’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = प्रमेय ।
    ‘प्रमेय’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।

    4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form उत्थितम् used in the verses?
    Answer: : The सूत्रम् 7-4-40 द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामित्ति किति prescribes the substitution ‘इ’ in the form उत्थितम् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उत्थित’, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) – derived from the verbal root √स्था (ष्ठा गतिनिवृत्तौ १. १०७७) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘उद्’।

    Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘उत्थित’ – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2014/07/17/कबन्धेभ्यः-m-ab-p/#comment-35084

    5. Which कृत् affix is used to construct the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आवर्तन’ (used in the form आवर्तनम् (द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) in the verses)?
    Answer: The कृत् affix ‘ल्युट्’ is used to construct the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘आवर्तन’ – derived from the verbal root √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘आङ्’।

    वृत् + ल्युट् । By 3-3-115 ल्युट् च – (In addition to the affix ‘क्त’ prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 3-3-114) the affix ल्युट् may also be used following a verbal root to denote in the neuter gender the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state.
    = वृत् + यु । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = वृत् + अन । By 7-1-1 युवोरनाकौ, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    = वर्त् + अन । By 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः।
    = वर्तन ।

    आङ् + वर्तन । ‘वर्तन’ is compounded with the उपसर्गः ‘आङ्’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = आवर्तन । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

    ‘आवर्तन’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। It declines like वन-शब्द:। द्वितीया-एकवचनम् is आवर्तनम्।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Requested by the gods and demons, (Lord) Śiva drank the frightful poison produced from the churning of the ocean.” Use the verbal root √अर्थ (अर्थ उपयाच्ञायाम् १०. ४४७) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ for ‘to request.’ Use the adjective ‘घोर’ for ‘frightful.’ Use the verbal root √जन् (जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४) for ‘to be produced.’
    Answer: सुरासुरैः प्रार्थितः भगवान् शिवः समुद्रस्य मथनात् जातम् घोरम् विषम् पपौ = सुरासुरैः प्रार्थितो भगवाञ्छिवः समुद्रस्य मथनाज्जातं घोरं विषं पपौ।

    Easy questions:
    1. What prevents the augment नुँम् (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-70 उगिदचां सर्वनामस्थानेऽधातोः) from applying in the form बिभ्रत् (प्रातिपदिकम् ‘बिभ्रत्’, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-78 नाभ्यस्ताच्छतुः prevents the augment नुँम् (prescribed by the सूत्रम् 7-1-70 उगिदचां सर्वनामस्थानेऽधातोः) from applying in the form बिभ्रत् – derived from the verbal root √भृ (डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः ३. ६).

    Please see the answer to question 4 in the following comment for the derivation of the form बिभ्रत् – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/12/21/उपेयुषी-nad/#comment-1051३

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि has been used in the form मेने – derived from the verbal root √मन् (मनँ ज्ञाने ४. ७३, मनुँ अवबोधने ८. ९).

    Please see the answer to question 3 in the following comment for derivation of the form मेने – https://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/07/पाठयामासतु-3ad-लिँट्/#comment-3237

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