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पञ्चजनोदरात् n-Ab-s

Today we will look at the form पञ्चजनोदरात् n-Ab-s from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.3.2.

उद्धव उवाच
ततः स आगत्य पुरं स्वपित्रोश्चिकीर्षया शं बलदेवसंयुतः । निपात्य तुङ्गाद्रिपुयूथनाथं हतं व्यकर्षद्व्यसुमोजसोर्व्याम् ।। ३-३-१ ।।
सान्दीपनेः सकृत्प्रोक्तं ब्रह्माधीत्य सविस्तरम् । तस्मै प्रादाद्वरं पुत्रं मृतं पञ्चजनोदरात् ।। ३-३-२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
शमित्यव्ययम् ।। पित्रोः सुखस्य चिकीर्षयेत्यर्थः । तुङ्गाद्राजमञ्चात् । रिपुयूथानां नाथं कंसम् । व्यसोरपि विकर्षणं पित्रोः सुखार्थम् ।। १ ।। ब्रह्म वेदम् । सविस्तरं षडङ्गादिसहितम् । पञ्चजनोदरविदारणद्वारा पुत्रमानीयेत्यर्थः ।। २।।

Gita Press translation – Uddhava continued : Then, in order to afford delight to His parents (Vasudeva and Devakī), the Lord returned to the city (of Mathurā), accompanied by Baladeva (His elder half-brother) and, knocking down Kaṁsa (the leader of His enemies) from his high seat and killing him, dragged his lifeless body along on the ground (1). Having learnt the Vedas along with the sciences subsidiary to the same (viz., Grammar, Astronomy, Phonetics, Prosody, Etymology and Kalpa or the science dealing with the ritual and laying down rules for ceremonial or sacrificial acts) from Sāndīpani (His preceptor), who recited them to Him but once, He restored to him his dead son by way of the preceptor’s fee after ripping up the belly of the demon Pañcajana (and recovering him from Yama’s abode) (2).

पञ्चजनोदरात् is पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् of the (compound) नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पञ्चजनोदर’।

(1) पञ्चजनोदर + ङसिँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्। As per the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-28 अपादाने पञ्चमी in the महाभाष्यम्) ल्यब्लोपे कर्मण्यधिकरणे च – When a verbal participle ending in the affix ‘ल्यप्’ (or ‘क्त्वा’) is elided, a fifth case affix (‘ङसिँ’, ‘भ्याम्’, ‘भ्यस्’) is used to denote the object or the locus of the action.
In the present example पञ्चजनोदरात् stands for पञ्चजनोदरं विदार्य  । The verbal participle विदार्य (ending in the affix ‘ल्यप्’) has been elided.

(2) पञ्चजनोदर + आत् । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – Following a अङ्गम् ending in the letter ‘अ’, the affixes ‘टा’, ‘ङसिँ’ and ‘ङस्’ are replaced respectively by ‘इन’, ‘आत्’ and ‘स्य’। Note: Since the substitute ‘आत्’ has more than one letter, as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य, the entire affix (and not just its last letter) is replaced by ‘आत्’।
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending letter ‘त्’ of ‘आत्’ from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(3) पञ्चजनोदरात् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः

Questions:

1. Commenting on the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-28 अपादाने पञ्चमी in the महाभाष्यम्) ल्यब्लोपे कर्मण्यधिकरणे च (used in step 1) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – ल्यब्ग्रहणमिह ल्यबर्थपरं तेन क्त्वोऽपि लोपे सिद्ध्यति। आसने स्थित्वा प्रेक्षते, आसनात्प्रेक्षत इति। Please explain.

2. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चिकीर्षा’ – used in the form चिकीर्षया (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) in the verses?

3. What is the alternate form for आगत्य?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः been used in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“From the top of (his) palace, Rāvaṇa observed the army of the monkeys.” Use the masculine/neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शिखर’ for ‘top.’ Use the verbal root √ईक्ष् (ईक्षँ दर्शने १. ६९४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘निर्’ for ‘to observe.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having ascended the top of (his) palace, Rāvaṇa observed the army of the monkeys.” Use the verbal root √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) preceded by the उपसर्ग:’आङ्’ for ‘to ascend.’

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘स्मै’ in the form तस्मै?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Commenting on the वार्तिकम् (under 2-3-28 अपादाने पञ्चमी in the महाभाष्यम्) ल्यब्लोपे कर्मण्यधिकरणे च (used in step 1) the तत्त्वबोधिनी says – ल्यब्ग्रहणमिह ल्यबर्थपरं तेन क्त्वोऽपि लोपे सिद्ध्यति। आसने स्थित्वा प्रेक्षते, आसनात्प्रेक्षत इति। Please explain.
    Answer: The mention of ल्यप् in the given वार्तिकम् refers to not just the specific affix ल्यप् but to any affix used in the meaning of ल्यप्। Hence the application of this वार्तिकम् is extended to even those instances where (a verbal participle ending in) the affix क्त्वा (which is used in the same meaning as the affix ल्यप्) is elided. For example – आसने स्थित्वा प्रेक्षते (Having stationed on a seat, someone views) = आसनात्प्रेक्षते (Someone views from a seat.)

    2. Which कृत् affix is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चिकीर्षा’ – used in the form चिकीर्षया (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) in the verses?
    Answer: The कृत् affix ‘अ’ is used to form the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चिकीर्षा’ – derived from the desiderative form of the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०).
    Please see the answer to advanced question 1 for derivation of the सन्नन्त-धातुः ‘चिकीर्ष’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/07/09/तितरिषन्ति-3ap-लँट्/#comment-3978
    The feminine प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चिकीर्षा’ is derived as follows –
    चिकीर्ष + अ । By 3-3-102 अ प्रत्ययात्‌ – In order to form a feminine noun, the affix ‘अ’ is used following a derived verbal root (ending in an affix.) Note: Derived verbal roots are those which get the धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
    = चिकीर्ष् + अ । By 6-4-48 अतो लोपः। Note: The affix ‘अ’ has the आर्धधातक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः। This allows 6-4-48 to apply here.
    = चिकीर्ष । Note: Since the affix ‘अ’ has the कृत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्, ‘चिकीर्ष’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
    = चिकीर्ष + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्‌।
    = चिकीर्ष + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = चिकीर्षा । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

    3. What is the alternate form for आगत्य?
    Answer: The alternate form for आगत्य is आगम्य।
    The verbal root used in आगत्य/आगम्य is √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७). Note: Here the common agent of the actions आगत्य (having come) and व्यकर्षत् (dragged) is सः (श्रीकृष्णः)।
    Derivation of आगम्य is similar to that of the form उपसङ्गम्य shown in the following post – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2013/06/21/उपसङ्गम्य-ind/
    The only difference is that while in the post the उपसर्गौ ‘उप’ and ‘सम्’ are used, in the current example the उपसर्गः ‘आङ्’ is used.

    4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः has been used in the form अधीत्य – derived from the verbal root √इ (इङ् अध्ययने | नित्यमधिपूर्वः २. ४१) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘अधि’।
    इ + क्त्वा । By 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले।
    Note: Here the common agent of the actions अधीत्य (having learnt) and प्रादात् (restored) is सः (श्रीकृष्णः)। The earlier of the two actions is the action ‘having learnt’ which is denoted by √इ and hence √इ takes the affix ‘क्त्वा’।
    Note: अव्ययकृतो भावे (from महाभाष्यम्) – कृत् affixes (such as ‘क्‍त्‍वा’) having the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा are used to denote भाव: (action) – and not the agent (ref. 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत्‌) of the action.
    = अधि इ + क्त्वा । ‘इ + क्त्वा’ is compounded with ‘अधि’ using the सूत्रम् 2-2-18 कुगतिप्रादयः।
    = अधि + इ + ल्यप् । By 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्‌। The entire term ‘क्त्वा’ is replaced by ‘ल्यप्’ as per the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य।
    Note: As per 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ, the substitution ‘ल्यप्’ (in place of the affix ‘क्त्वा’) inherits the property of being a कित् affix with the designation of कृत् (by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्) and आर्धधातुकम् (by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः।)
    = अधि + इ + य । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः from applying.
    = अधी + य । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः। Since the affix ‘य’ is no longer preceded by a short vowel, 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक् would not apply here. But now 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः intervenes and says that when it comes to a possible addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’, the single substitute ‘ई’ (in place of ‘इ + इ’) is to be treated as if it has not occurred. Thus 6-1-71 still sees अधि + इ + य and the addition of the augment ‘तुँक्’ does take place.
    Note: The entire meaning of the सूत्रम् 6-1-86 षत्वतुकोरसिद्धः is – When the substitution ‘ष्’ or the augment ‘तुँक्’ is to be performed, a single replacement (in place of the preceding and following letter) is treated as if it has not occurred.
    = अधी तुँक् + य । By 6-1-71 ह्रस्वस्य पिति कृति तुक्, 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ।
    = अधीत्य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    ‘अधीत्य’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः with the help of 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ।
    अधीत्य + सुँ (default) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।
    = अधीत्य । By 2-4-82 अव्ययादाप्सुपः।

    5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “From the top of (his) palace, Rāvaṇa observed the army of the monkeys.” Use the masculine/neuter प्रातिपदिकम् ‘शिखर’ for ‘top.’ Use the verbal root √ईक्ष् (ईक्षँ दर्शने १. ६९४) preceded by the उपसर्गः ‘निर्’ for ‘to observe.’
    Answer: प्रासादस्य शिखरात् रावणः वानराणाम् चमूम् निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे = प्रासादस्य शिखराद् रावणो वानराणां चमूं निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Having ascended the top of (his) palace, Rāvaṇa observed the army of the monkeys.” Use the verbal root √रुह् (रुहँ बीजजन्मनि प्रादुर्भावे च १. ९९५) preceded by the उपसर्ग:’आङ्’ for ‘to ascend.’
    Answer: प्रासादस्य शिखरम् आरुह्य रावणः वानराणाम् चमूम् निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे = प्रासादस्य शिखरमारुह्य रावणो वानराणां चमूं निरीक्षाञ्चक्रे।

    Easy questions:
    1. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘स्मै’ in the form तस्मै?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-1-14 सर्वनाम्नः स्मै prescribes the substitution ‘स्मै’ in the form तस्मै (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् ‘तद्’, पुंलिङ्गे चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्)।
    Please see answer to easy question 2 in the following comment for the derivation – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/12/25/उपजहार-3as-लिँट्/#comment-3069

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 2-4-77 गातिस्थाघुपाभूभ्यः सिचः परस्मैपदेषु has been used in the verses in the form प्रादात् – derived from the verbal root √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०).
    Please see the following post for derivation of the form अदात् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/26/अदात्
    ‘प्र’ is the उपसर्ग: (ref: 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, 1-4-80 ते प्राग्धातोः।)
    प्र + अदात् = प्रादात् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

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